Unit 2 Review

1. Unit 2 Review

2. Do Now • How can cell phone use during class affect my grade and understanding/mastery of class material?

3. Upcoming Major Assignments • Unit 2 Test TOMORROW • Same structure: Multiple Choice, Short Answer, Free Response • States and Capitals Quiz this Friday: • New ones: Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, North Dakota, South Dakota

4. Test Data Analysis • Three things you should do: • Look at the chart under the Data Wall sign and find the number you have been assigned. Write down your pre-test score and then your post-test score. • Second: Look at your post-test handout form and find the answers you missed. Beside each question you missed, write one of the following reasons: • I did not understand the words or vocabulary in the question or answer choices. • I did not remember or study this material. • I narrowed it down to a few answer choices and selected the wrong. • Other – write out why you got it wrong. • Reflect on your Unit 1 Test performance. What did you do well? What do you need to improve on? What will you do differently next time?

5. Overview • Expansion • Conflict and Change from Expansion • Nationalism vs. Sectionalism • Nationalism: Arts, Innovation, Era of Good Feelings politics • Sectionalism: “Corrupt Bargain”-1850 politics, economy • Reform Movements – some sectionalism

6. Abolition and Reform Movements • Religious arguments: • Southerners: The Bible gives permission to hold slaves and has examples of people using slaves. It does not explicitly say that slavery is wrong. • Northerners: Slavery goes directly against the teachings in the New Testament. Just because it does not explicitly say slavery is a sin does not mean it isn’t a sin. All people are equal in God’s eyes. • Reform Movements Handout

7. How Sectionalism Grew • Series of steps: • Election of 1824 – Corrupt Bargain – major turning point from nationalism to sectionalism • Andrew Jackson is elected and creates policies that cause sectionalism (remember, it means anything that divides people’s or parts of the country’s from different beliefs): • Tariff of Abominations/Nullification Crisis • Spoils system • Pet Banks • Compromise of 1850 – not a real fix to one of the major causes of sectionalism (slavery) • Think of as band-aid on one of the biggest wounds – it doesn’t heal the wound.

8. 2 economies develop North South

9. 2 economies develop Major Cities North South

10. 2 economies develop Railroads North South

11. 2 economies develop Industries North South

12. 2 economies develop Agriculture North South

13. Social Conflict from Economic Differences • Economies shaped a lot of the social conflict. • Southerners needed slavery for their economy, so they wanted to keep it. – “necessary evil” • Northerners didn’t need it, so it was a big reason they were for removing it. • HOWEVER, Northerners still used the cheap raw materials (cotton) from the South in their factories (making textiles) despite being against slavery. • This is the reason not all Northerners were against slavery.

14. Why would McCulloch v. Maryland be considered the most important decision of the Marshall Supreme Court?

15. How was the Monroe Doctrine first thought of by other countries?

16. Why did Andrew Jackson’s supporters call the Election of 1824 a “corrupt bargain”?

17. How did Andrew Jackson change the U.S. government while he was president?

18. What is a pet bank? Why were pet banks used by President Jackson, and what was the outcome of using them?

19. Why would the Compromise of 1850 be seen as an event leading to sectionalism?

20. 1) Which statement best describes why wealthy people often opposed the public school movement? • They were afraid of the impact it would have upon business conditions. • They were afraid that, if everyone got a good education, the U.S. would become too much like Europe. • They didn’t want to pay increased taxes to educate the children of the poor people. • They feared that the achievements of public schools would soon overshadow the prestige of private schools.

21. 2) Which of the following describes Dorothea Dix’s main concern? • Ensuring that criminals were punished severely. • Keeping immigrants out of the U.S. • Maintaining a belligerent foreign policy • Bringing about human conditions in prisons and insane asylums.

22. 3) How did both sides of the abolition movement use religion to support their viewpoint?

23. 1) Which of the following best describes economic factors that led to sectionalism prior to the Civil War? a. The northern economy was primarily agricultural, while the southern economy was based on manufacturing. b. Jobs on plantations attracted more European immigrants to the South than to the North. c. Transportation systems were more developed in the North than in the South. d. The southern economy was more diversified than the northern economy.

24. 2) Each of the following was a point of tension between the North and the South prior to the Civil War EXCEPT: a. The issue of slavery b. Agrarian economy versus the industrial economy c. State rights versus the power of the federal government d. The belief that the Constitution was the ultimate law of the land.

25. 3) Why did the South’s economy become focused on agriculture?

26. 4) Why did the North’s economy become focused on manufacturing/industrializing?

27. 1) Paintings by Thomas Cole would be most likely to show: a. A mighty rushing river. b. A street scene in Boston, Massachusetts. c. The faces of different American presidents. d. New American factories.

28. 2) Why were the novels by James Fenimore Cooper (Last of the Mohicans, etc.) considered the first novels to reflect a truly U.S. culture? a. Cooper’s style reminded people of European authors as he wrote about many of the same themes. b. Cooper portrayed the frontier and themes distinct to those living in the U.S. c. Cooper was the first to produce a publish piece of fiction after the Revolutionary War. d. Cooper wrote about figures in U.S. society, like Washington and Jefferson.

29. 3) How did technological innovations create American nationalism?

30. 1) Which of the following would have most likely been an opinion held by James K. Polk? a. “The Oregon territory is as much the property of Great Britain as it is the U.S. Therefore, we must be sure not to offend the British and remember that they, too, belong in Oregon.” b. “It is the destiny of the U.S. to expand all the way to the Pacific. If Mexico will not sell us their territories north of the Rio Grande, then we will force a war and take them.” c. “We have Texas, that is enough for now. If we push Mexico too hard, we might face a war we are not prepared for.” d. “It is not right for white settlers to force their will on the Indians. Therefore, we shall seek to buy the Oregon territory from the tribes that currently live there.”

31. 2) Which of the following describes the main mission of the Lewis and Clark expedition? a. To explore American possessions in California, with the hope of finding gold b. To scout the Native American tribes of the South, in preparation for making war against them c. To secretly cross the border into Canada, with the plan of expanding American territory to the north d. To make a scientific, geographic, and anthropological survey of the lands included in the Louisiana Purchase.

32. 3) Choose one of the major territory gains the U.S. had from 1800-1850. Explain what territory the U.S. gained and how they acquired it.