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Section Five : Alexander & the Hellenistic Kingdoms

Explore how Alexander the Great built his empire, from Philip II's reign to Alexander's conquests in Persia and beyond, shaping the Hellenistic era and spreading Greek culture through language, art, and philosophy.

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Section Five : Alexander & the Hellenistic Kingdoms

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  1. Section Five: Alexander & the Hellenistic Kingdoms

  2. Objectives/”I can statements” Explain how Alexander the Great created his empire.

  3. I. The Threat of Macedonia • Macedonia northern neighbors • Did not live in city-states • Viewed as barbarians

  4. The Threat of Macedonia • 359 B.C., Philip II king of Macedonia • *Crushed the Greeks at the battle of Chaeronea in 338 B.C. • Wanted to conquer Persia, but was assassinated

  5. II. Alexander the Great • *Alexander the Great was the son of Philip II • Became king at age 20 • Educated by Aristotle • Envisioned a world of mixed cultures

  6. Alexander the Great (356-323 BC) 

  7. Alexander the Great • Married two Persian princesses • His father taught him military tactics & leadership

  8. A. Alexander’s Conquests • By 331 B.C. he had conquered Persia • Established the city of Alexandria in Egypt • In 326 B.C. he crossed the Indus River

  9. Alexander’s Conquests • Soldiers refused to fight, so he agreed to return home • Died in Babylon, exhausted from wounds, fever & alcohol

  10. B. The Legacy of Alexander • Courage & mastery of military tactics • His example inspired men to follow him • *Due to his conquests, Greek language, architecture, literature & art spread throughout Southwest Asia & the near East

  11. III. The Hellenistic Kingdoms • *Alexander created a new age, the Hellenistic Era,“to imitate Greeks” • *The expansion of the Greek language & ideas to the non-Greek world of Southwest Asia & beyond

  12. Four Hellenistic Kingdoms • 1. Macedonia • 2. Syria • 3. Pergamum, in western Asia • 4. Egypt

  13. IV. Hellenistic Culture • Considerable cultural achievement • Cultural center was Alexandria • Alexandria library was the largest of its kind

  14. A. Architecture & Sculpture • Baths, theaters & temples • Sculptors added realism & emotion

  15. Greek Theater at Ahprodisias

  16. B. Literature • Appolonius of Rhodes epic poem Argonautica • Story of Jason & the Golden Fleece • Theocritus wrote short poems • Expressed love of nature

  17. C. Science • *Eratosthenes, determined that Earth was round & calculated Earth’s circumference at 24,675 miles, an estimate that was within 200 miles of the actual figure

  18. C. Science • *Euclid, wrote the Elements, a textbook on plane geometry, this work has been used up to modern times

  19. D. Philosophy • *Epicurus, believed that happiness was the goal of life, the means to achieve happiness was the pursuit of pleasure, the only true good • Epicureanism

  20. Philosophy • Zeno found Stoicism • *Stoicism, happiness could be found only when people gained inner peace by living in harmony with the will of God

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