如何防備流感 HOW TO PREVENT INFLUENZA

1. 如何防備流感 HOW TO PREVENT INFLUENZA 衞生署中央健康教育組 Central Health Education Unit DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH October 2006

2. What is Influenza? Influenza (flu): • is a highly infectious viral disease • caused by various types of influenza viral strains

3. SeasonalInfluenza In Hong Kong, the disease is more common in periods from January to March and from July to August. 病毒株數目 月份 普 通 科 診 所 私 家 醫 生 Consultation rate of influenza-like illness and number of influenza isolates in 2004

4. Influenza Pandemic Pre-requisites for the start of an Influenza Pandemic • A novel influenza virus subtype emerge or an old subtype re-emerge • The new virus must be able to replicate in humans and cause serious illness • The new virus must be efficiently transmitted from one human to another Photo: source from CDC

5. ‘Pandemic Influenza’ vs ‘Seasonal Influenza’ When compared to localised “seasonal” influenza epidemic, the influenza pandemic: • Spreads quicker and broader • Usually associates with higher severity of illness and a higher death toll • Has more serious consequences, greater social and economic impact Photo: source from CDC

6. The relationship with Avian Influenza • The Hong Kong 1997 experience and the recent situation in some parts of the world have demonstrated the pandemic potential of H5N1 • The threat of H5N1 to human health is closely related to the outbreaks of HPAI (Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza) in poultry • The surveillance of potential virus responsible for pandemic influenza is an important part of contingency preparedness

7. Preparedness Plan for Influenza Pandemic The Government's 3-tier response system for handling major infectious disease outbreaks • Alert Response Level • Serious Response Level • Emergency Response Level

8. Alert Response Level Scenarios : • Confirmation of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) outbreaks in poultry populations outside Hong Kong • Confirmation of HPAI in Hong Kong in imported birds in quarantine, in wild birds, in recreational parks, in pet bird shops or in the natural environment • Confirmation of human case(s) of avian influenza outside Hong Kong

9. Actions from Public –Alert Level • Maintain normal way of life • Pay attention to further announcements from the Government

10. Serious Response Level Scenarios: • Confirmation of HPAI outbreaks in the environment of oramong poultry population in retail markets, wholesale markets, farms in Hong Kong due to a strain with known human health impact • Confirmation of human case(s) of avian influenza in Hong Kong withoutevidence of efficient human-to-human transmission

11. Actions from Public - Serious Level • Maintain normal way of life • Prepare enough masks for possible exigencies • Pay attention to and comply with guidelines issued by the Government

12. Emergency Response Level Scenarios : • Evidence of efficient human-to-human transmission of novel influenza overseasor in Hong Kong • Pandemic influenza

13. Actions from Public - Emergency Level • Use mask appropriately • Pay attention toand comply with guidelines issued by the Government

14. Current level ?

15. How to Prevent • Avoid touching live birds and poultry and their droppings • After contact with live birds and poultry, wash hands thoroughly with liquid soap and water immediately • Poultry and eggs should be thoroughly cooked before eating • Travellers returning from endemic areas should consult doctors promptly if they have symptoms of influenza after the trip. Let the doctors know the travel history and wear a mask to prevent spread of the disease

16. How to Prevent • Keep the environment clean • - Ensure good ventilation • - Avoid visiting crowded places with poor ventilation • - Prevent the trap from drying and disinfect drain outlets, • pour half a litre of water into each drain outlet • and add 1 in 99 diluted household bleach solution into the • outlet once a week • - Keep your home clean, wipe furniture and toilets with a • diluted household bleach solution in the ratio of 1 in 99 • once a day

17. How to Prevent 8 Steps to Protect Yourself • Individual preparedness • Before the pandemic comes • When the pandemic comes

18. Why Should We Prevent Influenza Changeablesurface antigens of influenza viruses Potential threat Antigenic drift (minor changes) Seasonal influenza Antigenic shift (major changes) Emergence of pandemic strain Influenza pandemic

19. 8 Steps To Protect Yourself Step 1 Be prepared Step 2 Get vaccinated Step 3 Keep hands clean Step 4 Use mask properly

20. 8 Steps To Protect Yourself Step 5 Know how influenza presents Step 6 Manage fever well Step 7 Practise healthy lifestyle Step 8 Be resourceful

21. Step1 : Be Prepared

22. Step 1 : Be Prepared • Build up good personal hygiene • wash hands frequently • cover mouth and nose with tissue • paper when coughing or sneezing • and dispose of soiled tissue paper • properly in a lidded rubbish bin • avoid touching eyes, mouth or nose • wear mask when symptoms of • respiratory tract infection develop

23. Step1 : Be Prepared

24. Step2 : Get Vaccinated • Seasonal peaks : Jan - Mar / Jul – Aug • Influenza vaccination • one of the effective means in preventing influenza and its complications • Influenza vaccination to special groups is recommended

25. Step2 : Get Vaccinated

26. Step2 : Get Vaccinated • People not suitable to receive influenza vaccination: • Allergic to eggs, neomycin, etc • Allergic to previous dose of influenza vaccine • With bleeding disorders or on warfarin •  deep subcutaneous injection • Suffer from acute febrile illness •  receive when recover

27. Step2 : Get Vaccinated • Two weeks after vaccination  antibodies develop and provide protection • Immunity decline over time

28. Step2 : Get Vaccinated

29. Step3 : Keep Hands Clean

30. Step3 : Keep Hands Clean

31. Step3 : Keep Hands Clean

32. Step4 : Use Mask Properly

33. Step4 : Use Mask Properly

34. Step4 : Use Mask Properly Points to note about wearing a surgical mask : • The mask should fit snugly over the face • Try not to touch the mask once it is secured on your face. If you must do so, wash your hands before and after touching the mask • When taking off the mask, avoid touching the outside of the mask

35. Step4 : Use Mask Properly Points to note about wearing a surgical mask : • After taking off the mask, put the mask into a plastic or paper bag before putting it into a rubbish bin with a lid • A surgical mask should be changed at least daily • Replace the mask immediately if it is damaged or soiled

36. Step5 : Know How Influenza Presents

37. Step6 : Manage Fever Well

38. Step 6 : Manage Fever Well

39. Step6 : Manage Fever Well

40. Step7 : Practise Healthy Lifestyle Is one of the most effective ways to prevent communicable diseases Consisting: • Eat a balanced diet • Get regular exercise • Do not smoke • Have adequate rest  build up body resistance

41. Step7 : Practise Healthy Lifestyle Major components of a balanced diet • A variety of food • Whole grains as the major component of each meal • Plenty of fruits and vegetables • Adequate amounts of fluids

42. Step7 : Practise Healthy Lifestyle • Eat adequate amount of lean meat or beans, and reduced fat dairy products • Avoid processed or preserved food and food that is rich in fat, cholesterol, salt and sugar • Have regular meals

43. Step7 : Practise Healthy Lifestyle Regular exercise: • 30 minutes every day / accumulate exercise time in multiple sessions not less than 10 minutes each • Physical activity of moderate intensity build up cardiovascular endurance enhanceheart and lung functions improvehealth

44. Step8 : Be Resourceful

45. Knowledge can alleviate fear • Before crisis comes: Go through Influenza PandemicPreparedness Kit • During the pandemic: Information & government advice available through pamphlets, posters, websites, hotlines & the media

46. Take Preventive Actions in Peace Time • Understand ‘Influenza’ • Work Together • Prevent thePANDEMIC

47. 謝謝 THANK YOU