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When I’m 104: The Determinants of Healthy Longevity Among the Oldest-Old in China

Eric Jensen Department of Economics College of William and Mary USA. Dennis A. Ahlburg Carlson School of Management University of Minnesota USA. Ruyan Liao Carlson School of Management University of Minnesota USA .

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When I’m 104: The Determinants of Healthy Longevity Among the Oldest-Old in China

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  1. Eric Jensen Department of Economics College of William and Mary USA Dennis A. Ahlburg Carlson School of Management University of Minnesota USA Ruyan Liao Carlson School of Management University of Minnesota USA When I’m 104: The Determinants of Healthy Longevity Among the Oldest-Old in China

  2. Aims: • Analysis of different Health Measures. • Analysis of determinants of health.

  3. “defining health is a daunting task’’ (Miller, 2001) “[health status] reduces to a single statistic or two only with great difficulty.” (Murray, 2000)

  4. Measures Used: • Self-reported health (bad, so-so, good, very-good) • Disease status (severe = two or more conditions, mild = one condition, well = no chronic conditions) • ADL status (severely disabled = 3 or more ADL, mildly disabled = 1 or 2 ADL, Active = no ADL) • Self-reported quality of life (bad, so-so, good, very-good) • Interviewer rating (very ill, moderately ill, relatively healthy, surprisingly healthy) • Illness (bedridden, some serious illness, no illness)

  5. Table 1: Distribution of Health Measures

  6. Table 1: Distribution of Health Measures

  7. Table 1: Distribution of Health Measures

  8. Are these measures reliable? • Are they valid?

  9. Self-reported health : • Related to objective measures • Is a good predictor of mortality • Not related to ADL’s • Not comparable across individuals Measurement error in most measures Measures may be endogenous

  10. Are the measures related? Table 2: Correlation Matrix and the Factor Analysis of the Six Health Measures

  11. Table 2 cont: Correlation Matrix and the Factor Analysis of the Six Health Measures

  12. So, correlations are low… No single factor “health”

  13. What determines health? • Work: type, duartion • Childhood: SES, health, healthcare, parity • Demography: age, sex, marriage, parents • Geography: region of birth, urban/rural • Human capital: education • Lifestyle: smoke, drink, exercise • Personality

  14. Results • Physical labor: positive ADL, self-report, interviewer. • Health of farmers (ADL, disease, illness) better. • Healthcare in childhood is very important. • Children of farmers have better health (ADL, disease). • Age negative on ADL, but positive on quality of life. • Males positive except on quality of life. • Education positive on self-reported health. • “Good” marriage → + self-reported health. • Smoking, drinking are not related to health. • Exercise associated with better health. • A positive personality makes you healthier.

  15. Conclusions • Health is a multidimensional concept • Modest support for impact of work on health • Childhood has effects on health at advanced ages • Exercise, a positive outlook, and a happy marriage make you healthier!

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