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Source: 2010 DNR Washington Mill Survey. Source: 2010 DNR Washington Mill Survey. Source: 2010 DNR Washington Mill Survey. Source: 2010 DNR Washington Mill Survey. 865. Excludes Log Exports. 6. 82. 639. 138. 213. 45. 69. 16. 11. <5. 22. 3. 79. 341. 319.
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Source: 2010 DNR Washington Mill Survey
865 Excludes Log Exports 6 82 639 138 213 45 69 16 11 <5 22 3 79 341 319
Manufacturing Location Principles Assume: Profit Maximization Profit = Revenues - Costs Which elements of revenues and costs are variable in space? Input factors, labor, land, energy, services, taxes, …. Other? Transport costs on inputs and products Outcomes: (1) Resource Orientation, (2) Market Orientation, (3) Footloose industry
Forest Products: Historically a Quintessential Resource Oriented Industry Oregon Data from 1955-57: 30% of a typical tree is left in the woods Of the balance: Bark 16% Sawdust 13% Coarse Residue 17% Shavings 8% LUMBER - 46%
Historical Factors Mill Locations Transportation technologies - oxen & skids; steam donkeys & railroads; internal combustion engines; balloons & helicopters. Lumber mills Plywood mills Pulp Mills
The Great Boom & Railroads 1883-1929 Northern Pacific Land Grant
Northern Pacific Early Route NP Arrives in Seattle in 1884, 1 year after Tacoma
Lots of smaller logging railroads by the turn of the century. Have not located a comprehensive map of them. Mill locations start to shift inland to tap timber supplies away from tidewater
Logging Railroad at Barlow Pass, Turn of the Century
Note the general decrease in the number of mills by county between 1957 and 1964
Shifting Output and Markets for British Columbia Lumber 1947-1958 Output - mbf 2025 2587 544 2229
Share of Lumber Production by Region 1947 - 2003 Total Output - mbf 13376 15816 25616 23136 2003 - %’s similar to 1996; output up to 26722
Plywood & Paper Mills • Plywood invented in early 20th Century; historic dependence on old-growth “peeler” logs • Pulp and Paper – locations determined by wood supply, pulping technology, wood supplies • Technological change has allowed smaller trees to be peeled into veneer, and has shifted wood supplies to pulp mills to be primarily residuals from lumber and plywood manufacture
Pulp & Paper Mills Source: 2010 DNR Washington Mill Survey
Pulp Mill Production Source: 2010 DNR Washington Mill Survey
Source: 2008 & 2010 DNR Washington Mill Survey
Log Export Bidding Markets National Forest National Forest Mill 1 Mill 1 Mill2 Mill 2 Owned by Mill 2
Source: 2010 DNR Washington Mill Survey