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Basics of Computer Networking

Basics of Computer Networking. Unit I. Topics. Networking basics Need for computer networks Types of networks-LAN, MAN, WAN Network Components – H/W, Software Communication channels Network Devices Network topologies. Networking I ntroduction.

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Basics of Computer Networking

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  1. Basics of Computer Networking Unit I

  2. Topics • Networking basics • Need for computer networks • Types of networks-LAN, MAN, WAN • Network Components – H/W, Software • Communication channels • Network Devices • Network topologies.

  3. Networking Introduction • A network is a collection of independent computers which are connected together to share information and resources. • In addition to computers, a network also consists of peripheral devices and data communication devices with transmission media used for the purpose of exchanging data and information. • Need for computer networking • To share computer Data/Programs • To share computer Resources • Bandwidth • Bandwidth refers to the maximum volume of information that can be transferred over any communication medium.

  4. Types of Networks • Based on the geographical area covered by the network, networks can be classified as follows: Local Area Network (LAN): • A data communication network that connects computerstogether in a room, building or a campus is called a ‘Local area network’. A Metropolitan Area Network (MAN): • A MAN typically covers an area of between 5 to 50 kms. A wide area network (WAN): • Itis a system of interconnecting manycomputers over a large geographical area such as cities, states, countries or even the whole world.

  5. Network components • Hardware • Software • Communication Channels • Network Devices

  6. Communication channels • Communication Channels refers to the physical media through which communication signals are transmitted. • The two commonly used types of cables (Wired TM) to connect computers are coaxial cables and fiber optic cables.

  7. Wireless TM- Microwave systemsCommunication Satellite

  8. Network devices • Different networking devices have different roles to play in a computer network. These network devices also work at different segments of a computer network performing different functions. • Examples of Network devices are: • Hub • Switch • Router • Bridge • Gateway • Modem, etc.

  9. Network topologies • A network topology is the arrangement of a network, including its nodes and connecting lines. • It defines the way different nodes are placed and interconnected with each other. • Types of Network Topologies: • Bus Topology • Star Topology • Ring Topology • Mesh Topology

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