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Structural Product Guide of Treadwell Group

Apart from offering customizable FRP solutions to the customers all across the world, Treadwell also provides a distinct product guide so that the people could be acquainted with the correct ways of using varied fibreglass structures such as handrails, grating, nosing, and many more.

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Structural Product Guide of Treadwell Group

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  1. Contents Section One: Introduction toPultrusions Composition ofPultrusions ResinSystems The Pultrusion Process EnvironmentalConditions 06 07 08 09 Section Two: CouponProperties 10 11 12 13 ArchitEX™Profiles Typical Properties of ThreadedRod/Nuts Typical Coupon Properties of Flat Sheet Comparison Section Three: GeneralTolerances 15 17 18 Cross SectionalTolerance Straightness Twist Section Four: SectionalProperties 21 23 25 26 27 29 30 31 32 33 CSection I-Beam WF-Beam Equal Leg Angle Rectangular HollowSection Circular Hollow Section SolidBar Circular Round Bar Embedment Angle Square HollowSection QualityPolicy Quality is at the forefront of Treadwell Access Systems' working practices. With over 15 years of manufacturing to the highest quality standards, Treadwell Access Systems prides itself on its implementation of strict quality control measures, and strives to supply products that surpass customers' expectations. The company works on a policy of continuousimprovement. EnvironmentalPolicy Treadwell Access Systems is conscious of the impact it has on the environment and its associated responsibilities. The company is committed to ensuring its operations satisfy both legal obligations and moral duties. Treadwell has been committed to sustainability for many years and is not just responding to currenttrends. 4 | TREADWELL treadwellgroup.com.au 4 |TREADWELLtreadwellgroup.com.au

  2. TM Contents Section Five: Beams - Allowables UniformLoads 36 39 50 61 69 72 79 83 Allowable Uniforms LoadsTables TechnicalDataTables-CSection Technical Data Tables - I-Beam Technical Data Tables -WF-Beam Technical Data Tables - Rectangular HollowSection Technical Data Tables - Square Hollow Section Technical Data Tables - Interlocking Deckboard Technical Data Tables - FlatSheet Section Six:Columns 90 Columns Section Seven: Columns - AllowableConcentric Axial Stresses andLoads Technical Data Tables - Angle Technical Data Tables - I-Beam Technical Data Tables -WF-Beam Technical Data Tables - Square Hollow Section Technical Data Tables - Rectangular HollowSection 93 101 111 121 132 SectionEight:SpaceGassInputGuide 133 Space Gass Input Guide Section Nine: CorrosionGuide 135 CorrosionGuide ArchitEX™ |5 ArchitEX™ |5

  3. Introduction toPultrusions Compositionof FRP Pultrusions Mat Continuousstrandmat constitutesthe remainder of the glass reinforcement used in the pultrusion process. This would typicallybe %- between continuous strand mat and other hand-laid-up orpress- Whatarepultrusionsmadeof? resin formulations. The glass contributes its inherent tensile flexural strength while the addition of resin ensures impact and corrosion resistance. used in the pultrusion process requires good tractive strength toensure that it enters the dieproperly. arrangements: glass roving which is unidirectional, andcontinuous stability as well as contributing to longitudinal strengthproperties. Fibreglass continuous strand mat is predominately applied to obtain the desired transverse properties of the product, whereas roving provides longitudinal stability to a section. Roving lacks the required lateral cohesion that is also an essential element in maintainingthe Another integral part of a pultrusion is the surface veil which provides enhanced UV protection, corrosion resistance andaesthetics. Roving principally responsible forthis. SurfaceVeil manufactured on continuous rolls. Roving is usually the principal element in a pultrusion, comprising % - % percent of the total glasscontent. Most widely used today are synthetic variations which enhance the UV resistance properties and aesthetics. The veil also increases the resin content of the surface of the pultrusion which provides added corrosion resistance. manufacture, the roving also provides unsurpassed tensile and flexural properties.Thepercentageofrovinginapultrusionisthemajorvariable treadwellgroup.com.au 6 |TREADWELL 6 |TREADWELLtreadwellgroup.com.au

  4. TM Introduction toPultrusions ResinSystems When choosing a resin type for your application, we highly recommend you consult with us in relation to the application to ensure the correct resin isspecified. Considerations such ascorrosion, environment, temperature,fireresistance,smokeandsmoketoxicity requirements must be taken into account, and will dictate which resin system should be utilised for optimum performance over time. Below is an overview oftheresinsystemsofferedintheArchitEX™range. I-Series® is apremium isopthalic resin system. This system provides an intermediate level of chemical resistance and is the correct choice for areas subjected to splash and spill contact with harsh chemicals. This system is an excellent general-purpose resin and is a more favourably priced alternative to the vinyl ester system. This system has a flame spread of 25 (approximately 15) orless. V-Series® Vinyl ester resin is the most high quality chemical resistant system offered in the industry and has been developed for use in environments where FRP products are subject to frequent and direct contact with the harshest of chemical, including a broad range of acids and caustics. This system has a flame spread of 25 (approximately 15) orless. O-Series® is an architectural grade polyester resin system with an intermediate level of chemical resistance, and is a good choice for commercial or light industrial applications, especially in areas where moistureisprevalent.O-Series®isoften utilisedforpublicinfrastructure applications where it has been proven to outperform traditional timber decking products. This system is available with or without fire retardant additives. P-Series® The phenolic resin system is a system designed specifically for use where fire resistance, low smoke and low toxic fumes arecritical. P-Series® is typically used in offshore applications and confined spaces where such criteria are an absolute necessity. This system is tested in accordance with ASTM E-84. Various products also conforming to US Coast Guard Approvals, Level 2 and 3, are also offered by Treadwell. This particular resin system has a flame spread rating of 5 and a smoke density rating of5. Standards Resin Systems ComparisonChart ArchitEX™FeaturesandBenefitsvs.TraditionalAlternatives ArchitEX™ | 7 ArchitEX™ | 7

  5. Introduction toPultrusions The PultrusionProcess How the Pultrusion MachineWorks Pultruding is the process that is used to form continuous structural profilesoutoffibreglassandresincomposites.Theprocessisperformed by a pultrusion machine. The first pultrusion process was developed in the mid-1940s with further major development and greater recognition in the mid-1950s. Now that the fibres are thoroughly ‘wetted out’ with the resin, they pass through a series of tooling which arranges the fibres correctly and removes excesses of resin. This set of tooling and guides is referred to as the pre-former. At this stage, the surface veil isadded. Theuncuredcompositeisthenpulledintoaheateddiewhichcommonly consists of 2-3 differing stages of temperature which initiate the curing of the resin component. The profile that exits the die is now a cured pultruded fibreglass reinforced plastic composite. The term pultrusion was derived from a combination of the word pull and extrusion. There are some parallels between the two processes given that they both produce continuous profiles and involve somesort of forming die. The main difference being that the pultrusion process utilises a series of pullers, which draw the product through the entire process as compared to extruding, which uses pressure or a pushing force. It is this rigid profile that is gripped further down the line by the pulling mechanism which provides steady and continuous tractive effort. After passing through the pullers, the FRP profile reaches a cut-off saw. The saw cuts the pultrusion to the desired length without slowing or halting the process. The pultrusion process commences with fibreglass roving being pulled off rolls, through a guide and then being combined with the continuous strand mat. It is this fibreglass component that provides the resistance to tension that is necessary in the pultrusion process. The raw fibre is pulled through a series of guides or rollers and then enters a resin impregnation bath. The resin is usually a thermo-settingresin. This way high strength and light weight profiles can be created from fibreglass reinforced plastic to virtually any lengthrequired. 8 |TREADWELL treadwellgroup.com.au

  6. TM Introduction toPultrusions EnvironmentalConditions Temperature When designing a structure that is going to incorporate FRP sections, it is essential to consider environment changes such as temperature. Continued exposure to elevated temperatures can cause polyester and vinyl ester fibreglass pultrusions to lose certain percentages of their properties. Weathering As with most plastic products, fibreglass reinforced pultrusions will undergo some form of visual degradation when exposed to outdoor weathering. Typically, the surface of ArchitEX™ Pultrusions have good water and ambient temperature resistant properties but are susceptible to ultra- violet(UV) light. UV light is the light spectrum between 290 and 400 nanometres. This light has a higher energy and causes significant degradationto polymers by breaking chemical bonds or starting chemical reactions. The fire retardant polyester formulations contain a halogen which makes these plastics typically more susceptible to UV light degeneration. Thesetablesshowsthepercentageofpropertyretentionwhenexposed to certain continuoustemperatures. UltimateStress Deterioration that has been caused by UV light can be identified by ‘fade’and‘yellowing’onthepultrusionsurface.Overanextendedperiod of exposure, the actual glass fibres closest to the surface will become exposed. This state is known as fibrebloom and does not directly or immediately affect the physical properties of thesection. Treadwell adds a UV stabiliser into the resin formulation. This is especially important due to the extreme exposure that our products experience in the Pacific region. Also, to ensure that our pultruded products endure a protracted lifespan, we use high quality polyester surface veils to ensure that the structural component of the composite isprotectedaswellaspossible from damagingandcorrodingelements. Modulus ofElasticity The ArchitEX™ range is also offered with a range of exterior coatings to enhance aesthetics. If a Urethane coating is applied, this will also provide a hugely effective protection barrier to outdoorweathering. PultrusionAvailability Treadwell is arguably the largest stockist of FRP pultrusion products in Australia. We always stock a comprehensive range of I-Beam, CSection, HollowSectionandAngleproductswhicharecommonlyinhighdemand. Due to the consistent and rapid evolution of the fibreglass pultrusion market, we are continually revaluating our range of stocked products to ensure that our holdings accurately reflect customerdemand. We utilise efficient transport networks across Australia to ensure rapid delivery to remote locations and stock products in most capitalcities. Our complete range of products available is listed in the Section Properties tables.To obtain price and availability or find out if the product you require is a stock item, call Treadwell on 1800 246800. ArchitEX™ |9

  7. CouponProperties ArchitEX™Profiles Below are test results for typical coupon properties of Treadwell Group’s structural fibreglass profiles. Properties are derived per the ASTM test method shown. Synthetic surfacing veil and ultraviolet inhibitors arestandard. 10 |TREADWELL treadwellgroup.com.au

  8. TM CouponProperties Typical Properties of Threaded Rod /Nuts Treadwell Group’s threaded rod and nuts are manufactured using premium vinyl ester resin containing UV inhibitors. The properties listed below are the result of the ASTM test methodindicated. tSheet of Treadwell Group’s Rod, Bar, and Flat Sheet reinforced with all unidirectional longitudinal fibreglass roving. Properties are derived per the ASTM test methodshown. ArchitEX™ |11

  9. CouponProperties Typical Coupon Properties of FlatSheet Below are test results for typical coupon properties of Treadwell Group’s Flat Sheet. Properties are derived per the ASTM test method shown. Synthetic surfacing veil and ultraviolet inhibitors arestandard. 12 | TREADWELL treadwellgroup.com.au

  10. TM Comparison ArchitEX™ |13

  11. 14 |TREADWELLtreadwellgroup.com.au

  12. TM GeneralTolerance Cross SectionalTolerances * Maximum orMinimum Tolerances Tolerance% ofNominal Dimension Shapes Angles t =thickness ± 10% ± 0.26mmmin. t ± 4% b =flange width ± 2.4mmmax. d d =depth ± 4% ± 2.4mmmax. b CSections t =thickness ± 10% ± 0.26mmmin. b ± 4% ± 2.4mmmax. b =flange width t d ± 4% d =depth ± 2.4mmmax. Beams t =thickness ± 10% ± 0.26mmmin. b ± 2.4mmmax. b =flange width ± 4% t d d =depth ± 2.4mmmax. ± 4% FlatSheet 0.25mm min 1.27mmmax ±15% ± 10% t =thickness b t b =width ± 4% ± 2.4mmmax. ArchitEX™ |15 ArchitEX™ |15

  13. GeneralTolerance Cross SectionalTolerance Flatness Flatness is measured in the center with the weight of the profile minimising the deviation by contact with aflat surface 16 |TREADWELL treadwellgroup.com.au

  14. TM GeneralTolerance Straightness Straightness is measured in the centre with the weight of the pultrusion minimising the deviation by contact with aflat surface. ArchitEX™ |17

  15. GeneralTolerance Twist Twist is measured with the weight of the pultrusion minimising thetwist. Angularity Angularity is the angle measured between two prependicular faces of theprofile. AllProfiles Angle Angle CutLengths AllProfiles +- Squareness ofEndcut AllProfiles 18 |TREADWELL treadwellgroup.com.au 18 |TREADWELLtreadwellgroup.com.au

  16. ArchitEX™ |19

  17. SectionalProperties ElementsofSectionsofStructuralShapes The section table values on the following pages have been calculated from nominal dimensions. All shapes shown in the tables are available, but notallarestocked.Ashapeavailabilitylistisincludedinthemanualand,forconvenience,availabilityinformationisnotedontheindividualuniform loadtables. v Notation cross sectional area (in.2/mm.2) A b width of section (in. /mm.) d depth of section / diameter of rod (in. /mm.) h length of angle leg (in. /mm.) I moment of inertia (in.4 /mm.4) od outside diameter of tube (in. /mm.) radius of gyration (in. /mm.) r S sectionmodulus(in.3/mm.3) t thickness (in. /mm.) tb thickness of width dimension (in. /mm.) td thickness of depth dimension (in. /mm.) Wt. weight of section (lbs./ft. /kgs./m.) 20| TREADWELL treadwellgroup.com.au

  18. TM SectionalProper- SectionalProperties-CSection y The section values shown on this page have been calculated from the nominal dimensions of the profile. All the shapes listed in the table are available but not all are stocked. For information on availability and price, contact Treadwell Group on 1800 246800. td x x d RtI Ro t b by ArchitEX™ |21

  19. SectionalProperties CSection SectionProperties X -X Y -Y Part PartNumber l mm4 S mm³ r mm l mm4 S mm³ r mm J mm h mm C mm C mm A mm 50.8x14x3.2mmCSection F-P-CS(51/14/3.2) 74757.63 2943.205 17.95644 3366.77 319.8575 3.810652 846.8241 44.75 3.761685 25.4 141.129 480725.1 12617.42 26.481.98 23434.11 1484.895 5.846909 10297.38 63.5 6.443382 38.1 403.225 530044.2 13911.88 27.02379 34956.9 1942.944 6.939956 10839.35 63.5 7.408333 38.1 403.225 727320.3 19089.72 28.633.74 115315.9 4390.313 11.40144 13007.22 63.5 11.83409 38.1 403.225 641312.6 14427.69 34.48375 46437.71 2171.325 9.279295 1592.029 79.375 8.775759 44.45 252.016 76.2x22.2x6.4mmCSection F-P-CS(76/22/6.4) 76.2x25.4x6.4mmCSection F-P-CS(76/25/6.4) 76.2x38.1x6.4mmCSection F-P-CS(76/38/6.4) 88.9x3.2x30.2x4.8mmCSection F-P-CS(89/3.2/30/4.8) 88.9x38.1x4.8mmCSection F-P-CS(89/38/4.8) 841417.2 18929.47 33.69912 96058.44 3486.12 11.38625 5944.705 79.375 10.54554 44.45378.023 F-P-CS(102/29/6.4) 1196122 23545.62 35.91289 53868.32 2558.86 7.62130413549.19 50.8 564.515 101.6x28.6x6.4mmCSection 88.9 7.52337 F-P-CS(102/35/4.8) 1090307 21462.68 37.60107 77665.79 2982.765 10.03554 6173.34892.075 18426.89127 20052.8 139.7 68592.76 133.35 50.8 438.507 101.6x34.9x6.4mmCSection 8.886887 F-P-CS(140/38/6.4) 139.7x38.1x6.4mmCSection 50.08388 137456.54744.467 3236630 46336.73 10.32129 9.128125 69.85806.45 152.4x41.3x6.4mmCSection F-P-CS(152/41/6.4) 54.81075 177874.75626.449 4239811 55640.41 11.22663 9.661071 76.2 887.095 152.4x42.9x9.5mmCSection F-P-CS(152/43/9.5) 53.86933272708.4 14890522 146559.8 72.76279 635340 15077.91 15.02995 90542.44 184.15 13.42547 101.6 1754.029 38492696 303091.2 90.71658 1659560 31513.82 18.83623 268815.9 228.6 17.18879 127 2903.22 54725705 374704.2 102.9715 1717580 31998.13 18.24231 294830.3 266.7 16.17266 146.05 3387.09 64394404 422534.2 422534.2 108.363 2246678 38310.27 20.24079 279.4 17.55588 152.4 3548.38 146822233.4 825769.5 124.7425 5061997 75735.3 23.16218 1229182 317.5 22.06218 177.8 6048.375 124352263.10 543971.6 152.8503 961388.7 19197.61 13.43968 166451.8 438.15 10.24659 228.6 4173.379 6055368 79466.55 8636.15211.43196 11.28505 76.21270.159 203.2x55.6x6.4mmCSection F-P-CS(203/56/6.4) 254x69.6x12.7mmCSection F-P-CS(254/70/12.7) 292.1x69.9x12.7mmCSection F-P-CS(292/70/12.7) 304.8x76.2x12.7mmCSection F-P-CS(305/76/12.7) 355.6x88.9x19.1mmCSection F-P-CS(356/89/19.1) 457.2x60.32x9.5mmCSection F-P-CS(457/60/9.5) 22| TREADWELL treadwellgroup.com.au

  20. TM SectionalProperties Sectional Properties –I-Beam The section values shown on this page have been calculated from the nominal dimensions of the profile. All the shapes listed in the table are available but not all are stocked. For information on availability and price, contact Treadwell Group on 1800 246800. y *457.20 I Beam - Web = 9.53mm Flange =12.70mm *609.60 I Beam - Web = 9.53mm Flange =19.05mm d x x R=½t R =td tb b y I-Beam SectionalDimensions d mm b mm t(w) mm t(f) mm Area mm² Weight Kg./m Part PartNumber Web Flange 76.2x38.1x6.4mmI-Beam F-P-IS(76/38/6.4) 76.2 38.1 6.4 6.4 886.88 1.60 88.9x38.1x4.8mmI-Beam F-P-IS(89/38/4.8) 88.9 38.1 4.8 4.8 740.74 1.33 101.6x50.8x6.4mmI-Beam F-P-IS(102/51/6.4) 101.6 50.8 6.4 6.4 1209.38 2.18 139.7x63.5x6.4mmI-Beam F-P-IS(140/64/6.4) 139.7 63.5 6.4 6.4 1612.50 2.91 152.4x76.2x6.4mmI-Beam F-P-IS(152/76/6.4) 152.4 76.2 6.4 6.4 1854.38 3.34 152.4x76.2x9.5mmI-Beam F-P-IS(152/76/9.5) 152.4 76.2 9.5 9.5 2721.09 4.90 203.2x101.6x9.5mmI-Beam F-P-IS(203/102/9.5) 203.2 101.6 9.5 9.5 3688.59 6.65 203.2x101.6x12.7mmI-Beam F-P-IS(203/102/12.7) 203.2 101.6 12.7 12.7 4837.50 8.72 254x127x9.5mmI-Beam F-P-IS(254/127/9.5) 254.0 127.0 9.5 9.5 4656.09 8.39 254x127x12.7mmI-Beam F-P-IS(254/127/12.7) 254.0 127.0 12.7 12.7 6127.50 11.04 304.8x152.4x12.7mmI-Beam F-P-IS(305/152/12.7) 304.8 152.4 12.7 12.7 7417.50 13.37 457.2x9.5x114.3x12.7mmI-Beam F-P-IS(457/9.5/114/12.7) 457.2 114.3 9.5 12.7 7014.38 12.64 609.6x9.5x190.5x19.1mmI-Beam F-P-IS(610/9.5/191/19.1) 609.6 190.5 9.5 19.1 12698.44 22.88 ArchitEX™ |23

  21. SectionalProperties 24 | TREADWELL treadwellgroup.com.au

  22. TM SectionalProperties Sectional Properties -WF-Beam The section values shown on this page have been calculated from the nominal dimensions of the profile. All the shapes listed in the table are available but not all are stocked. For information on availability and price, contact Treadwell Group on 1800 246800. b y tf x x d tw y SectionProperties WF-Beam SectionalDimensions mm mm³ mm mm mm³ mm Notation Notation cross sectionarea mm2 r radius ofgyration A mm S sectionmodulus b width ofsection mm mm3 t thickness mm d depth of section / diametre ofrod mm tb h length of angleleg mm mm thickness of widthdimension td mm l moment ofinertia mm4 thickness of depthdimension od outside diametre oftube mm Wt. weight ofsection mm ArchitEX™ |25

  23. SectionalProperties mm Unequal LegAngle Notation Notation cross sectionarea mm2 r radius ofgyration A mm S sectionmodulus b width ofsection mm mm3 t thickness mm d depth of section / diametre ofrod mm tb h length of angleleg mm mm thickness of widthdimension td mm l moment ofinertia mm4 thickness of depthdimension od outside diametre oftube mm Wt. weight ofsection mm 26 | TREADWELL treadwellgroup.com.au

  24. TM SectionalProper- SectionalProperties–RectangularHollowSection The section values shown on this page have been calculated from the nominal dimensions of the profile. All the shapes listed in the table are available but not all are stocked. For information on availability and price, contact Treadwell Group on 1800 246800. y R=3/32 R=1/32 x x d td tb b y ArchitEX™ |27

  25. SectionalProperties Rectangular HollowSection SectionProperties Part PartNumber X -X Y -Y l mm4 S mm³ r mm A mm I mm4 S mm3 r mm A mm J mm 38.1x19.1x3.2mmRectangular HollowSection 2830.75 F-P-RHS(38/19/3.2) 53925.82 12.937.94 16530.02 1735.447.16 38424.68 80.65 38.1x25.4x3.2mmRectangular HollowSection F-P-RHS(38/25/3.2) 3477.98 66255.59 13.517.94 33737.51 2656.50 9.64 120.97 66944.34 50.8x25.4x3.2mmRectangular HollowSection 5435.68 F-P-RHS(51/25/3.2) 138066.35 15.9511.11 7723.04 1216.234.61 22864.28 40.32 101.6x25.4x3.2mmRectangular HollowSection F-P-RHS(102/25/3.2) 16693.79 848044.43 33.2723.81 83869.55 6603.90 10.46 120.97 251849.32 101.6x3.2x50.8x6.4mmRectangular HollowSection 36166.76 F-P-RHS(102/3.2/51/6.4) 1837271.53 38.97 22.23 459317.88 18083.38 19.49 564.521097485.20 111.1x3.2x34.9x4.8mmRectangular HollowSection F-P-RHS(111/3.2/35/4.8) 1496449.8726932.73 39.12 25.40 196946.09 11278.23 14.19 272.18 567843.60 139.7x8.9x6.4mmRectangular HollowSection F-P-RHS(140/9/6.4) 7190831.45102946.76 51.21 63.50 3496777.55 78667.66 35.71 967.747128058.80 152.4x101.6x6.4mmRectangular HollowSection F-P-RHS(152/102/6.4) 9770599.14128223.09 56.47 69.85 5140024.53101181.5940.95 1129.0310185432.86 28 | TREADWELL treadwellgroup.com.au

  26. TM SectionalProperties Sectional Properties - Circular HollowSection The section values shown on this page have been calculated from the nominal dimensions of the profile. All the shapes listed in the table are available but not all are stocked. For information on availability and price, contact Treadwell Group on 1800 246800. y OD t x x y Circular HollowSection SectionalDimensions SectionProperties od t Area mm mm² Weight l 4 S r Part PartNumber mm mm³ mm mm Kg./m Diametre Wall 25.4x2.4mmCircularHollowSection F-P-CHS(25/2.4) 25.4 2.4 174.2 0.33 12487 983 8.1 25.4x3.2mmCircularHollowSection F-P-CHS(25/3.2) 25.4 3.2 219.4 0.37 12487 1147 7.9 28.6x3.2mmCircularHollowSection F-P-CHS(29/3.2) 28.6 3.2 251.6 0.49 20812 1475 9.1 31.8x2.4mmCircularHollowSection F-P-CHS(32/2.4) 31.8 2.4 219.4 0.40 24974 1475 10.4 31.8x3.2mmCircularHollowSection F-P-CHS(32/3.2) 31.8 3.2 283.9 0.48 29136 1803 10.2 31.8x6.4mmCircularHollowSection F-P-CHS(32/6.4) 31.8 6.4 509.7 0.91 41623 2786 9.1 38.1x3.2mmCircularHollowSection F-P-CHS(38/3.2) 38.1 3.2 348.4 0.67 54110 2786 12.4 38.1x6.4mmCircularHollowSection F-P-CHS(38/6.4) 38.1 6.4 632.3 1.18 83246 4425 11.4 44.5x3.2mmCircularHollowSection F-P-CHS(45/3.2) 44.5 3.2 412.9 0.76 87409 3933 14.7 44.5x6.4mmCircularHollowSection F-P-CHS(45/6.4) 44.5 6.4 761.3 1.40 141519 6391 13.7 47.6x4.8mmCircularHollowSection F-P-CHS(48/4.8) 47.6 4.8 638.7 1.31 149843 6227 15.2 50.8x6.4mmCircularHollowSection F-P-CHS(51/6.4) 50.8 6.4 883.9 1.61 224765 8849 15.7 76.2x6.4mmCircularHollowSection F-P-CHS(76/6.4) 76.2 6.4 1393.5 2.53 857437 22450 24.9 76.2x12.7mmCircularHollowSection F-P-CHS(76/12.7) 76.2 12.7 2535.5 4.43 1327778 34904 22.9 Notation Notation cross sectionarea mm2 r radius ofgyration A mm S sectionmodulus b width ofsection mm mm3 t thickness mm d depth of section / diametre ofrod mm tb h length of angleleg mm mm thickness of widthdimension td mm l moment ofinertia mm4 thickness of depthdimension od outside diametre oftube mm Wt. weight ofsection mm ArchitEX™ |29

  27. SectionalProperties Section Properties - SolidBars The section values shown on this page have been calculated from the nominal dimensions of the profile. All the shapes listed in the table are available but not all are stocked. For information on availability and price, contact Treadwell Group on 1800 246800. y d x x y b SolidBars SectionDimensions SectionProperties d mm b mm AreaWeight mm² Kg./m Part PartNumber X -X Y -Y l mm4 S mm³ r mm l mm4 S mm³ r mm SquareBar 645.2 25.4 25.4 33299 27867.4 1.31 3329927867.4 F-P-SQB(25) 25.4mm SquareBar 1006.4 31.8 31.8 83246 54089.1 2.04 8324654089.1 F-P-SQB(32) 31.8mm SquareBar 1451.6 38.1 38.1 2.95 174817917710.9174817 917710.9 F-P-SQB(38) 38.1mm SquareBar RectangularBar 19.05 725.81 38.1 1.31 87798.824608.8611.0021949.702304.435.50 F-P-REB(19/38.1) 19.1 x 38.1mm RectangularBar 967.74 38.10 25.4 52028.934096.777.33 1.16 138743.815462.3514.668671.491365.593.67 1.74 117065.096145.1511 F-P-REB(25/38.1) 25.4 x 38.1mm RectangularBar 12.7 645.16 50.8 F-P-REB(25/50.8) 25.4 x 50.8mm RectangularBar Notation Notation cross sectionarea mm2 r radius ofgyration A mm S sectionmodulus b width ofsection mm mm3 t thickness mm d depth of section / diametre ofrod mm tb h length of angleleg mm mm thickness of widthdimension td mm l moment ofinertia mm4 thickness of depthdimension od outside diametre oftube mm Wt. weight ofsection mm 30| TREADWELL treadwellgroup.com.au

  28. TM SectionalProperties Sectional Properties - Circular RoundBar The section values shown on this page have been calculated from the nominal dimensions of the profile. All the shapes listed in the table are available but not all are stocked. For information on availability and price, contact Treadwell Group on 1800 246800. y D x x y Circular RoundBar SectionalDimensions SectionProperties d Area Weight l 4 S r Part PartNumber mm mm³ mm mm mm² Kg./m 6.4mm Circular RoundBar F-P-CB(6.4) 6.4 31.6 0.07 83 26 1.6 7.6mm Circular RoundBar F-P-CB(7.6) 7.6 45.8 0.09 166 44 1.9 7.9mm Circular RoundBar F-P-CB(7.9) 7.9 49.7 0.1 208 49 2.0 8.9mm Circular RoundBar F-P-CB(8.9) 8.9 61.9 0.12 291 69 2.2 9.5mm Circular RoundBar F-P-CB(9.5) 9.5 71.0 0.14 416 85 2.4 11.1mm Circular RoundBar F-P-CB(11.1) 11.1 96.8 0.20 749 134 2.8 12mm Circular RoundBar F-P-CB(12) 12.0 112.9 0.22 999 169 3.0 12.2mm Circular RoundBar F-P-CB(12.2) 12.2 116.8 0.24 1082 179 3.0 12.7mm Circular RoundBar F-P-CB(12.7) 12.7 126.5 0.26 1290 202 3.2 15.9mm Circular RoundBar F-P-CB(15.9) 15.9 198.1 0.40 3122 393 4.0 19.1mm Circular RoundBar F-P-CB(19.1) 19.1 285.2 0.59 6493 678 4.8 20.6mm Circular RoundBar F-P-CB(20.6) 20.6 334.2 0.68 8907 864 5.2 22.2mm Circular RoundBar F-P-CB(22.2) 22.2 387.7 0.79 11987 1078 5.6 25.4mm Circular RoundBar F-P-CB(25.4) 25.4 506.5 1.04 20437 1609 6.4 31.8mm Circular RoundBar F-P-CB(31.8) 31.8 791.6 163 49865 3141 7.9 38.1mm Circular RoundBar F-P-CB(38.1) 38.1 1139.4 2.34 103434 5429 9.5 Notation Notation cross sectionarea mm2 r radius ofgyration A mm S sectionmodulus b width ofsection mm mm3 t thickness mm d depth of section / diametre ofrod mm tb h length of angleleg mm mm thickness of widthdimension td mm l moment ofinertia mm4 thickness of depthdimension od outside diametre oftube mm Wt. weight ofsection mm ArchitEX™ | 31

  29. SectionalProperties Section Properties - EmbedmentAngle The section values shown on this page have been calculated from the nominal dimensions of the profile. All the shapes listed in the table are available but not all are stocked. For information on availability and price, contact Treadwell Group on 1800 246800. y t x x y EmbedmentAngle SectionDimensions SectionProperties d mm t mm AreaWeight mm² Kg./m Part PartNumber X -X Y -Y l mm4 S mm³ r mm l mm4 S mm³ r mm 25.4x 6.4mm Embedment Angle F-P-EA(25/6.4) 25.4 6.4 696.8 1.43 1165444916 12.9 212278540717.5 38.1 6.4 774.2 1.64 2122785407 16.5 212278540716.5 38.1x 6.4mm Embedment Angle F-P-EA(38/6.4) 50.8 6.4 858.1 1.68 3662838849 20.6 212278540715.7 50.8x 6.4mm Embdement Angle F-P-EA(51/6.4) Notation Notation cross sectionarea mm2 r radius ofgyration A mm S sectionmodulus b width ofsection mm mm3 t thickness mm d depth of section / diametre ofrod mm tb h length of angleleg mm mm thickness of widthdimension td mm l moment ofinertia mm4 thickness of depthdimension od outside diametre oftube mm Wt. weight ofsection mm 32 |TREADWELL treadwellgroup.com.au

  30. TM SectionalProperties Sectional Properties - SquareHollow Section The section values shown on this page have been calculated from the nominal dimensions of the profile. All the shapes listed in the table are available but not all are stocked. For information on availability and price, contact Treadwell Group on 1800 246800. b y t x x d ArchitEX™ |33

  31. SectionalProperties mm mm mm² Kg./m 34 |TREADWELL treadwellgroup.com.au 34|TREADWELLtreadwellgroup.com.au

  32. TM ArchitEX™ |35

  33. Beams - Allowable UniformLoads Allowable Uniform LoadTables Full section 3-point bending tests were conducted on Treadwell Reinforced Plastics' H-Beams, I-Beams, C Section and Square Hollow Section. The allowable uniform load tables were generated using these tests results as well as the formulas, properties, and assumptions listed below.Formulas for critical buckling and lateral-torsional buckling developed from theory are presented in Chapter 6 and 7 of the ASCE Structural Plastics Design Manual. v Notation Aw area of web (in.2 /mm.2) b flange width (in. /mm.) bc C Section flange minus thickness (in. /mm.) bh 1/2 of flange width (in. /mm.) d depth of section (in. /mm.) E modulusofelasticity(lbs./in.2/GPa) fb actualflexuralstress(lbs./in.2/MPa) Fb maximum allowable flexural stress (lbs. / in.2 /MPa) maximum allowable buckling stress (lbs. / in.2 /MPa) FaCB maximumallowablelateral-torsionalbucklingstress(lbs./in.2/MPa) FaLTB fv actualshearstress(lbs./in.2/MPa) Fv maximumallowableshearstress(lbs./in.2/MPa) G shearmodulus(lbs./in.2/GPa) I moment of inertia (in.4 /mm.4) J torsion costant (in.4 /mm.4) length of span (in. /mm.) L maximum moment (lbs.-in. /N.-m.) M Sx section modulus (in.3 /mm3) t flange thickness (in. /mm.) V vertical shear force (lbs. /N.) w uniform load (lbs./in. /N/m.) vt poission's ratio(longitudinal) vr poission's ratio(transverse) • Assumptions • Beam simply supported at bothends • Uniformly distributedload • Load is applied perpendicular to majoraxis • Part weight has been deducted intables • Safety factor of 3.0 for both ultimate material flexural and shear stress and 2.5 for bucklingstresses 36| TREADWELL treadwellgroup.com.au 36|TREADWELLtreadwellgroup.com.au

  34. TM Beams - Allowable UniformLoads Properties /Allowables Formulas E=2.8x106lbs./in.2 E =19.3 GPa Δ = 5wL4 +wL2 384EI 8AwG G =450,000 lbs. /in.2 G = 3.1GPa =M f Sx b Fb = 10,000lbs./in2 Fb = 68.9MPa Fv = 1500lbs./in2 Fv = 10.3MPa =V f Aw v Allowable Critical Buckling Stress for laterally supported WF and IBeams π2 Gt3 12 Et3 VEt3 VEt3 .935 √ FaCB= T /2.5 –(.656) T +(2.082) b2t 12λ 12λ 12λ h λ =1–VLVT Allowable Lateral-Torsional Buckling Stress for laterally unsupported WF and IBeams C π S(KL)√ d2 π2 E2 I2 /2.5 EIGJ+y FaLTB= y (4)(KL)2 C = 1.13 and K = 1.0 for uniform load simplebeam* Allowable Critical Buckling Stress for C Sections laterally supported to eliminate warping andtwist FaCB =G(t/bc)2/2.5 Allowable Bending Stress for Square Tube (b/t <=16) Fb = 10,000psi. ArchitEX™ |37 ArchitEX™ |37

  35. 38|TREADWELLtreadwellgroup.com.au

  36. TM Beams - Allowable UniformLoads ArchitEX™ |39

  37. Beams - Allowable UniformLoads Part: 88.9 x 38.1 x 4.8mm CSection Part Number:F-P-CS(89/38/4.8) 88.9mm 348.3mm2 Wt. 1.28kg/m A w 38.1mm I 799164mm4 S 18026mm3 4.8mm Deflection(N/m) Span MaximumLoad The part weight has been deducted inthe above table. Part: 88.9 x 38.1 x 6.4mm CSection Part Number:F-P-CS(89/38/6.4) 88.9mm 483.8mm2 Wt. 1.74kg/m A w 38.1mm I 994793mm4 S 22450mm3 6.4mm Deflection(N/m) MaximumLoad (N/m) Span (m) 40| TREADWELL treadwellgroup.com.au

  38. TM Beams - Allowable UniformLoads Part: 101.6 x 28.6 x 6.4mm CSection Part Number:F-P-CS(102/29/6.4) 101.6mm 564.5mm2 Wt. 1.56kg/m Aw 28.6mm I 1194584mm4 S 23597mm3 6.4mm Deflection(N/m) MaximumLoad (N/m) Span (m) L/100 L/150 L/180 L/240 L/360 The part weight hasbeen deducted in the above table. Part: 101.6 x 34.9 x 4.8mm CSection Part Number:F-P-CS(102/35/4.8) 101.6mm 1.31kg/m 438.7mm2 Wt. Aw 34.9mm I S 1090526mm4 21467mm3 4.8mm The part weight hasbeen deducted in the above table. ArchitEX™ | 41

  39. Beams - Allowable UniformLoads 42| TREADWELL treadwellgroup.com.au

  40. TM Beams - Allowable UniformLoads 3 a e ArchitEX™ |43

  41. Beams - Allowable UniformLoads Part: 203.2 x 55.6 x 9.5mm CSection Part Number:F-P-CS(203/56/9.5) 1754mm2 Wt. 4.76kg/m Aw 203.2mm 55.6mm 9.5mm I 14888598mm4 S 146500mm3 Deflection(N/m) MaximumLoad Span 44 |TREADWELL treadwellgroup.com.au

  42. TM Beams - Allowable UniformLoads ArchitEX™ |45

  43. Beams - Allowable UniformLoads 46| TREADWELL treadwellgroup.com.au 46|TREADWELLtreadwellgroup.com.au

  44. TM Beams - Allowable UniformLoads Part: 304.8 x 76.2 x 12.7mm CSection Part Number:F-P-CS(305/76/12.7) 304.8mm 3548.4mm2 Wt. 9.68kg/m Aw 76.2mm I 59729209mm4 391651mm3 S 12.7mm Deflection(N/m) MaximumLoad (N/m) Span (m) L/100 L/150 L/180 L/240 L/360 ---- ---- 33342 Fv ---- ---- 25014 1.83 ---- 28564 ---- ---- 26248 17465 2.13 Fv 24981 ---- 18916 12577 ---- 2.44 ---- Fv 20565 14003 9301 2.74 Fv 18705 ---- ---- 16638 3.05 ---- 10610 7039 ---- Fv 14181 13733 3.35 ---- Fv 5434 8202 13185 10971 11523 3.66 ---- 6453 4268 10387 8639 Fb 3403 3.96 ---- Fb 5156 9803 6908 8310 ---- 4.27 Fb 8439 4174 2749 5600 6740 ---- 3420 4.57 7338 2246 5533 Fb 4594 ---- 1853 4.88 6437 2831 4591 3809 Fb ---- 1543 5690 Fb 2365 5.18 3846 3188 1294 5065 1992 4924 3249 5.49 Fb 2690 4199 2766 5.79 Fb 4535 1690 1093 2288 2370 6.10 4083 1958 1443 3606 Fb 928 The part weight has been deducted inthe above table. ArchitEX™ |47 ArchitEX™ |47

  45. Beams - Allowable UniformLoads 48 |TREADWELL treadwellgroup.com.au

  46. ArchitEX™ |49

  47. Beams - Allowable UniformLoads 50 | TREADWELL treadwellgroup.com.au

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