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Chromosomes and Meiosis

An introduction. Chromosomes and Meiosis. Somatic Cells vs. Gametes. Somatic cells : also called body cells; have 46 chromosomes Make up most of body tissues and organs Not passed on to children Gametes: sex cells (sperm and egg); have 23 chromosomes

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Chromosomes and Meiosis

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  1. An introduction Chromosomes and Meiosis

  2. Somatic Cellsvs.Gametes Somatic cells: also called body cells; have 46 chromosomes • Make up most of body tissues and organs • Not passed on to children Gametes: sex cells (sperm and egg); have 23 chromosomes • Located in reproductive organs (ovaries and testes); nuclei fuse together during fertilization • Passed on to children

  3. Autosomesvs.Sex Chromosomes 1. Autosomes: chromosomes that contain genes not directly related to the sex of an organism 2. Homologous chromosomes: a matching pair of chromosomes; inherit one from each parent; contain same genes 3. Sex Chromosomes: contain genes that directly control development of sexual characteristics (X and Y); XX= female XY = male

  4. Diploid Cells vs.Haploid Cells • Diploid Cells: (somatic cells) • Has two copies of each chromosome- one from mother and one from father • Results from mitosis • Total of 46 chromosomes • Haploid Cells: (gametes) • Has one copy of each chromosome • Results from meiosis • Total of 23 chromosomes

  5. Mitosisvs.Meiosis • Mitosis • Makes genetically identical cells • Makes diploid cells • Takes place throughout life • Involved in asexual reproduction • Meiosis • Makes genetically unique cells • Makes haploid cells • Takes place at certain times in life cycle • Involved in sexual reproduction

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