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Inequality and poverty: Philippines

Inequality and poverty: Philippines. Conflict and Conflict resolution Maria Ilnitskaya. ARMM – the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao. Population (2010) – 3,256,140 – mostly Muslims. Problems: Assimilation into the Christianized national culture

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Inequality and poverty: Philippines

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  1. Inequality and poverty: Philippines Conflictand Conflict resolution Maria Ilnitskaya

  2. ARMM – the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao. Population (2010) – 3,256,140 – mostly Muslims. Problems: • Assimilation into the Christianized national culture • Marginalization from Philippine society, politics, economic development • Poor governance • Lack of justice • High crime rates, clan-on-clan conflicts, corruption, abuse by local leaders

  3. Poverty Poverty is one example of structural violence. Structural violence characterizes social, economic, and political systems that limit a person’s freedom or capacity to reach his or her full potential. In the case of poverty, a person may be deprived of a decent living as well as the ability to fulfill one’s basic needs.

  4. Poverty in Mindanao Human Development Index (HDI)—essentially a measure of a people's access to basic social services (health, education) and basic infrastructure (water, sanitation, electricity, transport). ****TABLE

  5. Poverty leads to many other problems, such as Child Soldiers.

  6. Education in Mindanao • Low scores in national standardized achievement tests • Overall performance in basic • Secondary and tertiary education falls below national levels • The per student expenditure is less then $100 Access to health care Children born in the conflict affected ARMM face a greater risk of death and disease than elsewhere in the country 34 out of 1000 babies born in Mindanao die before reaching their first birthday

  7. Land disputes in Mindanao • Resettlement • Muslim poor’s access to productive resources, especially land. • State’s failure to deliver on its promise of land settlements • The local elite’s manipulation of legal institutions to grab lands

  8. Shift to direct violence Discrimination and inequalities led to the Moro Armed rebellion in 1972. Struggle against exploitation, inequalities in the distribution of resources, and violations of human rights.

  9. Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) entered into a peace agreement with the Government of the Republic of the Philippines in 1996 . • Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF)- is still engaged in peace talks and serious eruptions of conflict often occur • Abu Sayyaf–terrorism and • kidnapping • Clan Conflicts over the land • “Entrepreneurs in violence”

  10. Militia • Militia -generally refers to an army or other fighting force that is composed of non-professional fighters; citizens of a nation or subjects of a state or government that can be called upon to enter a combat situation, as opposed to a professional force of regular soldiers or, historically, members of the fighting nobility.

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