無線射頻識別 短篇論文報告

1. 無線射頻識別短篇論文報告 授課教授：黃秋煌 教授 報告人：陳長呈

2. Outline A Wireless Healthcare Service System for Elderly with Dementia Using RFID for Accurate Positioning

3. A Wireless Healthcare Service System for Elderly with Dementia Chung-Chih Lin and Ming-Jang Chiu and Chun-Chieh Hsiao and Ren-Guey Le and Yuh-Show Tsai

4. Introduction The purpose of this study is to integrate the technologies of RFID, GPS, GSM, and GIS to construct a stray prevention system for the elderly that does not interfere with the elders‘ daily lives. System provides four monitoring schemes including 1. Indoor residence monitoring (use residence motion sensor) 2. Outdoor activity area monitoring (use body-attached locator) 3. Emergency rescue call (use body-attached locator) 4. Remote monitoring (use body-attached locator) The backend of System including 1. Database Server 2. Web Service Server 3. Message Controller 4. H-GIS

5. Indoor residence monitoring(1/2) This can automatically detect if an elderly person with dementia leaves home alone, the system sends a warning message to the call center. The family member will receive the message immediately, to prevent the elderly person from encountering any danger.

6. Indoor residence monitoring(2/2)

7. Outdoor activity area monitoring(1/2) When pushing on the button of the locator can set the patients' activity area. Once the patient leaves the preset area, an alarm signal will be sent to family members • emergency rescue button • set activity area button

8. Outdoor activity area monitoring(2/2) The command format is (#ID, PW, Command ID, [Message*]#) for locator and backend communicate with each other. There are two types of command： Type I :instructions are transmitted from the server to the locator. Type II :instructions are used by the locator to report current location information to server. When 10% of the power is left, this locator sends a message to the patient's caregiver to replace the battery so as to ensure the normal operation of the system.

9. Emergency rescue call When elderly finds himself or herself in an emergency situation, he or she can press the emergency rescue button to send an emergency message to the call center. After the call center receives this message and analyze, the family member will receive the message.

10. Remote monitoring Family members can connect to the call center when they want to know the current location of an elderly member with dementia. the system will automatically report the current location via a single location report mode or periodic location report mode.

11. Call Center (Backend) Database Server Responsible for data storage and management. Web Service Server Provides portal service for external users. This is also responsible for data integrating and GUI format converting for display. Message Controller Connected to the telecom’s short message server. This implemented the acceptation and transmission of large volume of short messages packets in order to enhance the efficiency of message processing. H-GIS (Healthcare Geographic Information Server) The function of the H-GIS is to convert the GPS longitude/latitude coordinates to location information in terms of street address and important landmarks, allowing the history of the patient's movements to be recorded.

12. DataBase Entity-Relationship (ER) diagram • A Tracing Information Packages--TIP is defined as TIP(TIPID, EventID,EdlerID, DateTime, State) ex: TIP record (1, 1, G123456789, 2005/12/01 8:00 AM, H)

13. System Architecture & Flowchart

14. The work flow of tracking service

15. Performance evaluation experiments(1/2)

16. Performance evaluation experiments(2/2) Time2：5.4 seconds

17. Conclusion Analysis of system performance and reliability using different telecoms and different models of mobile phones reveals that the system can provide family members with the patient's latest location information within 34 seconds.

18. Don Chon, Sibum Jun, Heejae Jung, Sang Won An Using RFID for Accurate Positioning

19. Introduction In this paper, to incorporate RFID technology into a navigation system to improve the accuracy (the accuracy of GPS is 10~20m). With this scheme, the accuracy of positioning can be dramatically improved, especially in tunnels and in downtown areas. Use the RFID positioning can be divided into four steps: 1. Install RFID tags on roads ,store very accurate location information along with other necessary information to the tags. 2. Add RFID reader module to the navigation system. 3. Use this new location information along with GPS and a gyroscope to produce highly accurate location information 4. Use a tag database.

20. About RFID An RFID system consists of tags, a reader with an antenna, and software such as a driver and middleware. There are two methods to communicate between readers and tags; inductive coupling and electromagnetic waves. The communication range in an RFID system is mainly determined by the output power of the reader to communicate with the tags. The antenna design determines the shape of the field so that the range is also influenced by the beam pattern between the tag and antenna.

21. RFID Positioning (1/4) This RFID technique, however, would not replace GPS rather it is a complementary technique.

22. RFID Positioning (2/4) Install RFID tags on roads, store location information to the tags. The location information can be acquired by using DGPS or some other methods. The deployment should be done step by step: 1. Getting GPS signal is not an option. 2. Intersections and urban areas 3. Nationwide

23. RFID Positioning (3/4) The vehicles need to be equipped with an RFID reader that can communicate with the tags on a road. The vehicles need also to be equipped with a GPS receiver and inertial sensors such as a gyroscope for positioning when there are no tags around.

24. RFID Positioning (4/4) Use a tag database for extracted whatever information necessary. Tag Database Class Diagram

25. Feasibility The issues of feasibility of the RFID positioning: 1. The first issue is making RFID tags that can withstand a harsh environment. 2. The second one is fast communication speed between readers and tags. 3. The third one is the data size. In this paper, only address the communication speed and the data size issues.

26. Performance (1/6) KIS900RE Hardware specification

27. Performance (2/6) Based on the radiation pattern, it can be assumed that the reliable reading angle from the center of the antenna is roughly 68°

28. Performance (3/6) Experimentation Setting 每次完成讀取(128bits)Tag會下降27cm，而當下速率為55km/h，則下降每1cm需花費0.6ms，27*0.6為18ms（完成一次讀取所需時間），換算為BPS為7.11Kbps

29. Performance (4/6) Generally, RFID system has three phases of operation. 1. The first is charge-up phase 2. The second is communication phase 3. The last is discharge phase This means that if we were to improve the communication speed, we need to focus on somewhere else such as capacitor charging time rather than the data rate. It can be inferred from the experiment that it could need 81cm to read 128 bits at the velocity of 165km/h.

30. Performance (5/6) Tag Database Access Time

31. Performance (6/6) The running time on a PC is less than 3.5 microseconds and the running time on Total5200 is less than 70 microseconds regardless of the data size. The 70 microseconds is a negligible time given that 18 milliseconds are for a reading transaction in the experiment.

32. Conclusion It can be concluded that it is feasible to retrieve bits for ID of a tag at high velocities. Once an ID is retrieved by the RFID reader, getting the necessary information from the tag database does not pose any problem.

33. Comment 第一篇論文對於RFID的使用，僅作為單純的物件識別，藉此來辨識目標是否進入特定位置範圍，在運用上並不是很深入。 第二篇論文對於RFID的使用，則是在Tag中儲存Tag所在的位置之精準定位資訊，以及搭配資料庫來提供更多額外的資訊以作定位，來補全GPS的缺點。 兩篇的運用相較之下，雖然皆是以RFID作為定位之用途，但其運用方式與目的不同，所以在定位精準的程度就相差很大，不過透過這兩篇論文的研讀乃從中瞭解原來可用這些方式來讓RFID提供定位之能力。

34. Thank you