Software Analysis Tools

1. Northeast Asian Power Grid Interconnection Shenzhen，May 7, 2002 Software Analysis Tools Felix Wu University of Hong Kong

2. Software Tools: Functions • Planning tools • Cost / benefit analysis of alternative plans • Financial risk assessment • Feasibility of plans: identify potential operating disasters • Operating tools • Engineering design • Operational procedure • Data requirement • Interactions of the tools

3. Investment decisions Schematic update Interactions of Software Tools Planning tools: • Benefits - Economy - Environment • Investments • Risk Operation tools: • Performance analysis -Stability • Control system design

4. Investment Decision Support • Investment costs • Fixed cost • Operating costs • Calculating capital costs • Assumptions • Accounting practice • Estimating operating costs • How the system operates • Plant availability • Merit order loading (Unit commitment and economic dispatch) • Production costing simulation

5. Load Forecast load-A. Generation Existing generation A Export to B Merit order Load Forecast load-B Generation Existing generation B Import from the interconnection. Merit order Production Simulation • Simulate power system operation • To calculate production cost • From each generator and for the whole system • Energy, fuel, pollution, etc.

6. Production Costing Simulation Load (GW) Annual Load Curve (Week)

7. Production Costing Simulation Load (GW) Annual Load Curve

8. Probabilistic Production Costing • Taking into account of uncertainties in generator scheduling, forced outages, hydro availability, etc. • Multi-year breaking down to a series of monthly or weekly simulations • Output provides information of • Fuel usage and cost • Pollution generated • Reliability level (Loss of load probability) • System marginal cost • Can be used to assess benefits (economical and environmental) of interconnection. • Data requirements

9. Data • Input data • Load demand (peak load growth and load shape) • Generator capacity, availability, fuel type, heat rate, start-up/ shutdown cost, pollution generation • Fuel cost • Output data • System reliability • System and individual generator operating cost (fuel, O&M), emission….. • Main tool in generation planning

10. Multi-area Production Costing • Two approaches • Simultaneous simulation • External input • External input • Determine transfer capability between areas • Rated and actual • Transmission planning tool • Estimate transfer schedule • Model import as generator and export as load in production costing • Deterministic or probabilistic modeling

11. Generation Planning • Requirement for generation addition • Reliability (Loss of load probability) • What, where, when and how much to add • Scenario study • Optimization approach • Production costing

12. Commercial Software Packages • PROSYM • UPLAN • EGEAS

13. PROSYM • Developed by Henwood Energy Services. • More than 80% of utilities in the North American use it. • Scenario modeling • Stand-alone production costing or comprehensive optimal generation planning. • Detailed representation of performance, cost and constraint characteristics of physical and financial resources

14. UPLAN • Developed by LCG Consulting • Advanced algorithms to simplify computations • PC based • Multi-area capability

15. EGEAS • Developed by Stone and Webster for EPRI (USA). • Advanced optimization techniques • Detailed production costing

16. Transmission Planning • Siting • Route selection • Capacity • Costing • Scenario generation • Performance analysis • Fixed configurations (snap shot) • Power flows, optimal power flows, stability

17. Data Requirements • Input data • Transmission network • Configuration • Parameters • Generation • configuration • Cost • Load • Output data • Power flow pattern • Constraint violations

18. Software Packages • PSAPAC (EPRI, USA) • DSA Power Tools (PowerTech Labs, Canada) • PSS/E (Power Technologies, Inc. USA) • EuroStage (EDF) • Netomac (Siemans) • Power System Toolbox (Cherry Tree)

19. PSAPAC • Comprehensive modeling • Advanced algorithms • Accurate and reliable performance • Extensive data requirement • Elaborate output

20. Major Components of PSAPAC • INFLOW: Interactive power flow analysis • ETMSP: Extended transient and mid-term stability program • SSSP: Small signal stability program • VSTAB: Voltage stability analysis • DYREN: Dynamic reduction program

21. Power System Toolbox • Characteristics • A set of coordinated Matlab files • Source code availability • Capability • Designed for small to medium sized system (800 nodes, 200 generators) • Functions • Load flow • Transient stability • Small signal stability

22. Planning Operation Calibration of Tools UPLAN PST PROSYM PSAPAC More detailed modeling More data

23. Conclusion • For the Northeast Asian Power Interconnection Study, the following factors should be considered in the selection of software tools • Achievement of objectives • Minimum data requirement • Commonly used • Transparent • Ease of use

24. Conclusion • For a preliminary study, we recommend that • For a particular analysis, a software is selected as the defacto standard • The interface between countries are specified according to the data requirement of that software • Each member country can use the standard software or their own software for their part of the analysis • The results are shared with the group • Nautilus conducts an overall study and also provides assistance to each member country.

25. Conclusion • We recommend that UPLAN and Matlab/PST be used initially for the preliminary study. More sophisticated tools may be used for future engineering analysis.