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Terpenes

Terpenes. By John Amba & John Sebua. Terpenes. - are a class of molecules that typically contain either ten or fifteen carbon atoms built from a five carbon building block called isoprenes . Isoprene (C 5 H 8 ).

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Terpenes

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  1. Terpenes By John Amba & John Sebua

  2. Terpenes - are a class of molecules that typically contain either ten or fifteen carbon atoms built from a five carbon building block called isoprenes.

  3. Isoprene (C5H8) - the basic molecular formula of terpenes are multiples of isoprenes (C5H8)n , where n is the number of linked isoprene units. This is called the isoprene rule or the C5 rule. - the isoprene units may be linked together “head to tail” to form linear chains or they may be arranged to form rings.

  4. Types of terpenes • Hemiterpenes –single isoprene unit • Monoterpenes –two isoprene units • Sesquiterpenes –three isoprene units (C15H24) • Diterpenes –four isoprene units(C20H32) • Sesterpenes –five isoprene units (C25H40) • Triterpenes –six isoprene units (C30H48) • Tetraterpenes –eight isoprene units (C40H64) • Polyterpenes –long chains of many isoprene unit

  5. Sources and uses of Terpenes • Terpenes are large and varied class of hydrocarbons produced primarily by a wide variety of plants particularly conifers, though also by some insects such as termites or swallow tail butter flies. • In plants, terpenes are typically found as a component of the essential oils. • A use of terpene maybe found in coating such as varnish • B-carotene is a tetraterpene with eight isoprene units • More complex terpenes include vitamin A, caroteroid pigments, and rubber. • Terpenes are used in organic synthesis.

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