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Chapter 6 Systems Development Steps, Tools, and Techniques

Chapter 6 Systems Development Steps, Tools, and Techniques. Introduction. Systems development life cycle (SDLC) - a structured step-by-step approach for developing information systems. Seven Phases in the SDLC Phase 1: Plan. Define the system to be developed. Set the project scope.

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Chapter 6 Systems Development Steps, Tools, and Techniques

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  1. Chapter 6 Systems Development Steps, Tools, and Techniques

  2. Introduction Systems development life cycle (SDLC) - a structured step-by-step approach for developing information systems.

  3. Seven Phases in the SDLCPhase 1: Plan • Define the system to be developed. • Set the project scope. • Develop the project plan including tasks, resources, and timeframes.

  4. Seven Phases in the SDLCPhase 2: Analysis • Gather the business requirements for the system.

  5. Seven Phases in the SDLCPhase 3: Design • Design the technical architecture required to support the system. • Design system models.

  6. Seven Phases in the SDLCPhase 3: Design

  7. Seven Phases in the SDLCPhase 4: Development • Build the technical architecture. • Build the database and programs.

  8. Seven Phases in the SDLCPhase 5: Test • Write the test conditions. • Perform the testing of the system.

  9. Seven Phases in the SDLCPhase 6: Implement • Write detailed user documentation. • Provide training for the system users.

  10. Seven Phases in the SDLCPhase 7: Maintain • Build a help desk to support the system users. • Provide an environment to support system changes.

  11. Knowledge Workers and Their Roles in the SDLC • Your participation in the systems development process is vitally important because you are (or will be) a: • Business process expert • Liaison to the customer • Quality control analyst • Manager of other people

  12. Knowledge Workers and Their Roles in the SDLC

  13. Why Systems Fail 20% of systems are successful, 80% of systems fail. Five primary reasons why systems fail include: • Unclear or missing requirements • Skipping SDLC phases • Failure to manage project scope • Failure to manage project plan • Changing technology

  14. Sourcing Three choices for building a system include: • IT specialists within your organization – Insourcing • Knowledge workers such as yourself – Selfsourcing • Another organization – Outsourcing

  15. SelfsourcingThe Selfsourcing Process

  16. Selfsourcing The Advantages & Disadvantages of Selfsourcing Advantages • Improves requirements determination. • Increases knowledge worker participation and sense of ownership. • Increases speed of systems development. Disadvantages • Inadequate knowledge worker expertise leads to inadequately developed systems. • Lack of organizational focus creates “privatized” IT systems. • Insufficient analysis of design alternatives leads to subpar IT systems. • Lack of documentation and external support leads to short-lived systems.

  17. OutsourcingDeveloping Strategic Partnerships Outsourcing - the delegation of specific work to a third party for a specified length of time, at a specified cost, and at a specified level of service.

  18. OutsourcingThe Outsourcing Process

  19. OutsourcingThe Advantages and Disadvantages of Outsourcing Advantages of outsourcing include: • Focus on unique core competencies. • Exploit the intellect of another organization. • Better predict future costs. • Acquire leading-edge technology. • Reduce costs. • Improve performance accountability.

  20. OutsourcingThe Advantages and Disadvantages of Outsourcing Disadvantages of outsourcing include: • Reduces technical know-how for future innovation. • Reduces degree of control. • Increases vulnerability of strategic information. • Increases dependency on other organizations.

  21. Prototyping • Prototyping - the process of building a model that demonstrates the features of a proposed product, service, or system. • Prototype - a model of a proposed product, service, or system. • Proof-of-concept prototype - used to prove the technical feasibility of a proposed system. • Selling prototype - used to convince people of the worth of a proposed system.

  22. PrototypingThe Prototyping Process

  23. PrototypingThe Advantages of Prototyping • Encourages active knowledge worker participation.  • Helps resolve discrepancies among knowledge workers.  • Gives knowledge workers a feel for the final system.  • Helps determine technical feasibility. • Helps sell the idea of a proposed system. 

  24. PrototypingThe Disadvantages of Prototyping • Leads people to believe the final system will follow shortly. • Gives no indication of performance under operational conditions. • Leads the project team to forgo proper testing and documentation.

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