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Gypsum crystals in Scotts Bluff ash bed-- neutralized acid

Gypsum crystals in Scotts Bluff ash bed-- neutralized acid. Iron oxide staining. Along the trail at Scotts Bluff National Monument. Thin-section of sandstone from Scotts Bluff. Bubble-wall shards. after. Pumice rafts in the South Pacific-- Result of underwater eruption of silica-rich

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Gypsum crystals in Scotts Bluff ash bed-- neutralized acid

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  1. Gypsum crystals in Scotts Bluff ash bed-- neutralized acid

  2. Iron oxide staining Along the trail at Scotts Bluff National Monument

  3. Thin-section of sandstone from Scotts Bluff

  4. Bubble-wall shards

  5. after Pumice rafts in the South Pacific-- Result of underwater eruption of silica-rich magma. before Hoax-Slayer story

  6. ash Yellowstone ash was once mined near Eustis, NE

  7. 35 dead Damages = $2.7 billion Timber, agriculture, roads, bridges

  8. When a hotspot comes up beneath a continent, it produces violent exposions because the magma can become silica-rich.

  9. Ashfall info from U-Haul Fossil rhinos entombed in 12 million-year-old ash at Ashfall State Park near Orchard, NE. Eruption was probably from southern Idaho when that was the position of the Yellowstone Hot Spot.

  10. Lake Nyos, highlands of Cameroon, West Africa. Aug. 21, 1986, early evening Carbon dioxide erupting from this caldera-filling lake suffocated 1700 people in their sleep. Important notes: 1) CO2 is denser than air. 2) When CO2 dissolves in water, it makes the water slightly denser. This means the bottom water of the lake stores CO2, thereby becoming a ticking time bomb. .

  11. Schmincke, 2004

  12. True or False: Most magma is trapped below the Earth’s surface and doesn’t erupt. True False

  13. 1.) Most magma doesn’t reach Earth’s surface before solidifying. 2.)Subduction-zone eruptions are rare & usually erupt a small volume of magma. Schmincke, 2004

  14. This map shows only the type of rock at the surface. pluton=igneous rock formed beneath Earth’s surface (composed of intrusive igneous rock); Pluto= Roman god of underworld;

  15. Granite forms in large magma chambers-- batholiths batholith Large crystals, Slow cooling (rock is poor conductor of heat, so heat is not lost rapidly from magma chamber)

  16. Sierra Nevada batholith, Yosemite National Park, CA

  17. central Baja California

  18. Blue Ridge, western Virginia

  19. Laramie Range, southeastern Wyoming

  20. Black Hills, SD Granite is homogeneous; it has no bedding (lava flows and sedimentary rocks) and has no foliation (metamorphic rocks).

  21. “roof” of Sierra Nevada batholith

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