Time Synchronization in a Collaboration Environment

1. Time Synchronization in a Collaboration Environment By Ahmet Uyar

2. Synchronization of Client times • We would like to put a timestamp on every event fired during a collaboration meeting. So that we could replay the recorded events in the order they occurred. • There may be some other usage of timestamps but replaying is the primary goal. • So we need to synchronize the times of clients, since the computer clocks can vary by minutes or even by hours. • At the beginning of each collaboration meeting, each client synchronizes its own time with the server time while exchanging some number of messages with the server.

3. Definitions • We define these terms: • delta: time difference between a client and the server • delta = t_server – t_client • t_server: server clock time. • t_client: client clock time • session_time: is equal to server time in theory and it will be the same for all clients, and will be put on each message as a timestamp. • session_time = t_client + delta = t_server • So our goal is to calculate delta for each client, since then we can calculate the session_time easily.

4. How we calculate the time difference (delta)-1 • Client exchanges one message with the server like following: • Client sends a message to the server requesting server’s current time and saves its own time (t_depart) • Server receives the request message from the client and sends its current time (t_server) • Client receives the reply message from the server and saves its current time (t_arrival) • Assuming that travel times from client-to-server and from server-to-client are equals, we can determine the one way travel time • t_travel = (t_arrival – t_depart)/2 • Then delta is: • delta = t_server + t_travel – t_arrival

5. How we calculate the time difference (delta)-2 • We need to repeat this process many times. • Some message exchanges take much longer than others. • So we need to ignore those ones which take longer. • We sort the message exchanges in increasing order according to their travel times and take into account only those which take less time. Then we take the average of their delta values. • Currently we do 100 message exchanges and take 75 of them into account.

6. Problems – Solutions • There are a few problems with time synchronization: • I have implemented both the server and the client in Java and java increments the time by 10 or 11ms not by 1ms on PC. It increments by 1ms on Unix. • Also computer clocks do not go at the same speed. For example • In every hour, my PC's clock goes 118ms faster than dirac's clock. • In every hour, my PC's clock goes 136ms faster than aspen's clock. • In every hour, my PC's clock goes 142ms faster than wkkxt13’s clock (PC). • In every hour, my PC's clock goes 212ms faster than wkkxt15's clock (PC). • Solution to second problem: Since the difference between the clock speeds is linear, we can run the synchronization program in every 10 minutes for 3 times at the beginning and then we can adjust the delta in every 10 minutes accordingly.

7. Test Runs • Server runs on dirac and client runs on apollo.ecs.syr.edu • Travel time is around 33-34ms round trip and it can determine the time difference with an accuracy of 1-2ms. • Server runs on apollo.ecs.syr.edu and client runs on wkkxt12.csit.fsu.edu • Travel time is 30-40ms • Accuracy of time difference is 1-2ms • Server runs on dirac and client runs on a PC at Anabas in CA. • Travel time is 140-150ms • Accuracy is 2-3ms

8. Timeline • Almost done, I need to add threading to the client to run this program in every 10 minutes.