Drill #5

1. Drill #5 Quote: " Success is not an 'accident' but a 'planned process'.“ ~unknown Agenda: Retest option (Raptor Time – this week) Prefix-Suffix pt 1 Cell Parts Cell Project Warm-up: 1. Glycogen is stored in the ______ and ______. 2. All chemical reactions that take place in the body are called ______________.

2. Prefix-Suffix I • Aer- or aero-  air, oxygen • Bi-  two • Chlor-  green • Diplo-  double • End- or endo-  within

3. 7-2 NOTES:Parts of the Cell

4. Cytology: the study of the cell. I. Three Main Parts of the Cell:

5. 1. Plasma Membrane barrier that separates and protects the cell from its environment. It is selectively permeable (it allows only certain materials in and out of the cell).

6. 2. Cytoplasm jelly-like fluid that fills the cell. It contains water, food, building materials, and organelles. (cyto- cell, -plasm – fluid)

7. 3. Nucleus controls all activities of the cell. There are two main categories of cells, which are divided by the presence or absence of a nucleus.

8. Prokaryotes“pro- before, -karyote – kernal” • Do not have a nucleus • They have DNA, but do not have a nuclear membrane to protect it.

9. Example: bacteria cells

10. Eukaryote“eu- true, -karyote – nucleus” • have a nucleus which encloses the DNA and protects it.

11. Examples: most unicellular organisms (protists)& multicellular organisms(animal, plant & fungus cells)

12. Three Parts of the Nucleus Nucleolus: where ribosomes are made Nuclear Envelope: Chromatin: individual, stringy strands of DNA porous membrane that surrounds and protects the DNA

13. Inside the Nucleus Nuclear Envelope Nucleolus Chromatin

14. II. Organelles • “little organs” of the cell • An organelle carries out a particular job in a cell. By developing organelles, eukaryotic cells became more efficient by splitting up the cells work (division of labor). • Because of this they became more complex! EX: multicellular organisms

15. Ribosomesare small, round organelles that make proteins and deposit them inside the Rough ER. “Protein Factories” Rough ER- are the tunnels Ribosomes are the dots

16. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)is a system of membrane tunnels with ribosomes attached to its outer walls.

17. It functions as a “highway” for transporting proteins. ROUGH ER “Protein Highway”

18. Smooth ERdo not have ribosomes attached to them. They make and store lipids and are responsible for the detoxification of drugs.

19. Golgi Bodies or Golgi Apparatussorts, packages and transports proteins“Protein Mail Room”

20. Lysosomes “Cleanup Crew” “lyso- to break, -some – body” Lysosomes- sacs of digestive enzymes that break down and get rid of worn-out organelles within the cell.

21. Mitochondria Where chemical energy in food is transformed into a more usable form for the cell to use.

22. “Energy Power Plant”

23. II. Cytoskeleton “cyto- cell, -skeleton – support structure” Supports the cell’s structure. Some help the cell move in its environment. Examples: cilia – short, hair-like structures flagella – long, tail-like structure

24. Cell Parts Found Mainly in Plant Cells • Cell Wall • Vacuole • Chloroplasts

25. Cell Wall supports and protects the plant cell and is found outside of the plasma membrane. It is made of cellulose, which is the main component in wood and paper.

26. Vacuolesstore materials. Plants have one large vacuole that helps the cell keep its shape by pumping it up with water. (Vacuoles are also found in animal cells, but are much smaller.)

27. Chloroplasts (green) Are responsible for the process of photosynthesis which converts light energy into chemical energy stored in glucose.

28. Stored energy