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Quiz/Review

Quiz/Review. Get out a small piece of paper and put your name on it. When the bell rings, the quiz will begin. Question 1. 1.) What are some risks from a volcanic eruption?. Question 2. Where do most volcanoes occur?. Question 3. How does an eruption affect the climate?. Answers.

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Quiz/Review

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  1. Quiz/Review • Get out a small piece of paper and put your name on it. • When the bell rings, the quiz will begin.

  2. Question 1 • 1.) What are some risks from a volcanic eruption?

  3. Question 2 • Where do most volcanoes occur?

  4. Question 3 • How does an eruption affect the climate?

  5. Answers • Ash, EQ, landslides, lava • Plate boundaries • Temperatures can decrease, lack of sunlight

  6. Earthquakes Affects on society

  7. Location • Most earthquakes occur near or at plate boundaries. • In the US, the San Andres fault in California. • New Madrid • New York and Canada border.

  8. Risks • Debris • Cracks • Structure (buildings) • Infrastructure (roads, bridged, tunnels) • Ground motion • Liquefaction • Fire • Tsunami Many seismologists have said that "earthquakes don't kill people, buildings do".

  9. Earthquake controls • Ground conditions • Size or magnitude • Distance from epicenter • Construction

  10. Ground conditions • The soil and rock can alter the extremes for the earthquakes affects. • Solid rock will shake more and transmit the energy better. • Loose sediment will shake and absorb energy causing liquefaction and slides.

  11. Size of an Earthquake • The larger the earthquake the more damage.

  12. Distance from the epicenter • The closer to the epicenter the more damage.

  13. Prevention • You cannot prevent an earthquake from occurring, but you can be prepared.

  14. Protection • Building codes • Engineers study damage and create new codes. • Population • The number of people in an area will affect the damage and injuries. • Preparedness • Knowledge is power.

  15. Predictions • Not forecasting! • Simple describing a time, location and magnitude. • Most based on statistics and probability. • Computer simulations for large cities, like San Francisco or Los Angeles, California, indicate that a magnitude >8.0 earthquake would cause between 3,000 and 13,000 deaths.

  16. Major past events • 1556 Shaaxi, China (killed 830,000) (8.0) • 1906 San Fransico (killed 3,000)(8.0) • 1960 Chile (9.5) • 1964 Alaska (9.2) • 1976 T'ang Shan Province, China (killed 240,000) (7.0) • 2004 Indian Ocean (killed 230,000)(9.3) • 2010 Haiti (killed 230,000) (7.0)

  17. Costliest earthquakes (2012 value)

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