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Energy Systems

Energy Systems. Lesson Aims Analyse & understand how ATP works? Understand how ATP is resynthesized for muscular contractions. Energy & ATP. All body systems require energy to perform work. Energy = Capacity of the body to perform work. (Calories (ckal) or Joules)

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Energy Systems

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  1. Energy Systems Lesson Aims Analyse & understand how ATP works? Understand how ATP is resynthesized for muscular contractions.

  2. Energy & ATP • All body systems require energy to perform work. • Energy = Capacity of the body to perform work. (Calories (ckal) or Joules) 1Calorie = 4.184 joules • It is important to have knowledge of energy as it allows the coach and performer to maximise performance.

  3. Energy & ATP Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) - The basic source of energy for muscle contraction. ATP is a molecule composed of Adenosine attached to 3 phosphate. • The 3 phosphate bonds store high energy • When the outermost bond is broken • the energy is then released for muscular • contractions. • This reaction takes place in the myofibril

  4. Energy & ATP • When a phosphate is broken loose from the ATP molecule (forming ADP: adenine diphosphate) energy (ATPase enzyme) is released. • There is only enough ATP stored in the muscles for 1 explosive muscle contraction. • As ATP is not stored in large amounts in skeletal muscle, it has to be replenished or resynthesized for contractions to continue

  5. Energy & ATP ATP resynthesis • ATP replenishment is a reversible chain reaction. • ADP (Adenosine diphosphate) + a Pi (phosphate) molecule is recombined to resynthesize ATP. • There are other ways in which energy stores are replenished, these are called energy pathways.

  6. ENERGY PATHWAYS? PHOSPHOCREATINE (PCr) SPLITTING • Phosphocreatine is stored in the muscle tissue (sarcoplasm) and is broken down by enzyme creatine kinase into creatine. • Creatine kinase is stimulated by the  in ‘free’ phosphates (Pi) resulting from the breakdown of ATP into ADP + Pi + energy • The combined amounts of muscle ATP and • phosphocreatine are can provide maximal • muscle power for 8 to 10 seconds Thus, the energy from the phosphagen system is used for maximal short bursts of power. For example – 100m sprint

  7. ENERGY PATHWAYS? Anaerobic Glycolysis • Carbohydrates, sugar or starch are stored in the muscles & liver as glycogen. • These are converted to a compound ‘glucose-6-phospate’ (pyruvic acid) for the resynthesis of ATP. • No O2 is required, hence Anaerobic. However, it produces a large accumulation of lacticacid. • Pathway is used in highintensity activities with a duration of 1-3 minutes. For example - 400/800m - 100m freestyle (swimming)

  8. ENERGY PATHWAYS? Aerobic Metabolism • ATP is resynthesized by chemical • reactions from many sources. • Used when sustained energy is • required. • H2O & CO2 are by product. These • are easily dispersed through • sweating and respiration.

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