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Predictors of Depressive Symptoms and Obesity in African-American Women Transitioning from Welfare to Work

Predictors of Depressive Symptoms and Obesity in African-American Women Transitioning from Welfare to Work. Mayola Rowser PhDc, DNP, FNP-BC, PMHNP. Background. Rates of depression and obesity increasing in the U.S. Rates are higher among welfare recipients

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Predictors of Depressive Symptoms and Obesity in African-American Women Transitioning from Welfare to Work

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  1. Predictors of Depressive Symptoms and Obesity in African-American Women Transitioning from Welfare to Work Mayola Rowser PhDc, DNP, FNP-BC, PMHNP

  2. Background Rates of depression and obesity increasing in the U.S. Rates are higher among welfare recipients 39% of recipients are African-American women African American women have more health problems than women of other races

  3. Background • Depression and obesity associated with many chronic diseases • Employment outcomes negatively impacted • Depression and obesity associated with increased health care costs • Few studies on depression and obesity among African-American women leaving welfare

  4. Conceptual Framework • Adaptation of Dr. Rice’s Health Assessment Status model • Rice’s model influenced by the Health Promotion model • Components of the model for the current study include • health risk behaviors • personal risk factors • perceived health status • situational influences

  5. Conceptual Model • Health Risk Behaviors • Physical inactivity • Poor nutrition • Smoking • Alcohol consumption Perceived Health Status Depressive Symptoms Obesity • Personal Risk Factors • Demographic • Age • Education Biological • Body mass index Situational Influences Transition from welfare to work

  6. Significance • Welfare benefits are time limited • Recipients forced to find jobs • 90% of recipients have one or more barriers to work • Depression and obesity are barriers to sustained employment

  7. Research Questions 1. What is the prevalence of depressive symptoms in African-American women transitioning from welfare to work? 2. What is the prevalence of obesity in African-American women transitioning from welfare to work? 3. What is the association between depressive symptoms and obesity in African-American women transitioning from welfare to work?

  8. Research Questions 4. What is the prevalence of health risk behaviors in African-American women transitioning from welfare to work? 5. To what extent do health risk behaviors, personal risk factors, and perceived health status predict depressive symptoms ? 6. To what extent do health risk behaviors, personal risk factors, and perceived health status predict obesity?

  9. Methodology Design • Retrospective cross-sectional, descriptive, correlation study Sample and Setting • Convenience sample of 162 welfare recipients • UTHSC Health Works Program participants • Data obtained from health assessments

  10. Criteria • African-American women • 18 years of age or older • Able to speak and read English • Enrolled in the UTHSC Health Works Program

  11. Instruments • The Healthier People Network Health Risk Appraisal • The Health Self Report • The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D)

  12. Data Analysis Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) • Descriptive Statistics • Pearson Correlation • Stepwise Multiple Regression • Logistic Regression

  13. Sample Characteristics • N = 162 • Ages ranged from 18 – 55 • Mean age 28.87 • 32% completed high school • 24% reported “some college” • 37% rated their health poor-fair

  14. Prevalence of Depressive Symptoms in African-American Women Transitioning from Welfare to Work

  15. Prevalence of Obesity in African-American Women Transitioning from Welfare to Work

  16. Association between Depressive Symptoms and Obesity in African-American Women Transitioning from Welfare to Work

  17. Correlation Analysis between Sample Characteristics and Depressive Symptoms and Obesity † Physical activity (n=157) *p≤.05 **p≤.01

  18. Prevalence of Health Risk Behavior in African-American Women Transitioning from Welfare to Work

  19. Predictors of Depressive Symptoms in African-American Women Transitioning from Welfare to Work

  20. Predictors of Obesity in African-American Women Transitioning from Welfare to Work

  21. Predictors of Obesity in African-American Women Transitioning from Welfare to Work

  22. Conclusions • High levels of education among the women • Age correlated with obesity • No correlation between depressive symptoms and obesity • Perceived health correlated with depressive symptoms and obesity

  23. Limitations • Instrumentation • Convenience sample • Cross sectional design

  24. Strengths • Limited studies conducted on African-American women on welfare • Few studies on depressive symptoms and obesity in African-American women preparing for work • Predictors of depressive symptoms and obesity examined

  25. Practice and Policy Implications • Recognition of depressive symptoms among African-American women • Unmet need for mental health services • Awareness of sociocultural influence on perceptions of weight • Funding for programs to address barriers to work

  26. Implications for Future Research • Prospective studies needed to determine causal relationships • Qualitative studies to address perceptions of health • Risk reduction interventions

  27. Questions

  28. Thank you!!!

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