IoT in Industry

1. IoT in Industry Assist. Prof. RassimSuliyev Zhumaniyaz Mamatnabiyev Week 3

2. OUTLINE What is Networking? Message in a Network Communication Data Transmission Trace the Route Internet Protocol (IP) addresses Domain Name Server (DNS) Protocol TCP/IP IoT Connecting IoT Connection Type

3. What is Networking? Networking refers to the total process of creating and using computer networks, with respect to hardware, protocols and software, including wired and wireless technology. It involves the application of theories from different technological fields, like IT, computer science and computer/electrical engineering. So, networks allow us to communicate information and collect data from sensors. The devices which make the network connected: UTP cable, switch, router, modem, etc.

4. What is Networking? With general in the Internet of Things is not talking about transferring data hundreds of kilometers. We are talking about getting it from a close point on a person.

5. Message in a Network A home network or home area network (HAN) is a IPV4 address that facilitates communication among devices within the close vicinity of a home. [wiki] When you print something, the computer sends a message to the printer, and this message travels by either copper cable or wireless communication. This is your home network.

6. Message in a Network Network formed by several inter-connected networks through which any user can communicate with any other user is called Internetwork. When you want to look at a web page or send an email, you need to connect your computer, smartphone, or other device, to the internet. The internet is a network of networks, or internetwork.

8. Message in a Network • The simple network has several key components: • Devices - includes the computers, printers, routers and servers. • Media - includes the cabling or wireless connections. • Services - includes the software that support operations, such as email hosting.

9. Communication • Communication in the network is carried through a medium – currently this means via either a cable (for example, metallic wires in copper cables, or glass or plastic fibres in fibre optic cables) or the air (wireless transmission). • The different media have different characteristics, which makes each better suited to different circumstances, taking into consideration factors such as: • thedistance a signal needs to travel • theenvironment it is travelling in • theamount and speed of the data • thecost of the media and its installation.

10. Data Transmission

11. Trace the Route Using any operating system, it is possible to look at the route that a website request takes.

12. Internet Protocol (IP) addresses End devices are those that provide a way for users to interact with the network. Examples include computers, smartphones and sensors.

13. Internet Protocol (IP) addresses End devices are either the source or destination of data going over the network. Every device has a unique Internet Protocol (IP) address, so it is distinguishable from all other devices. When sending a message, the IP address of the destination is used to specify where the message is being sent, similar to the address printed on the envelope of a letter.

14. Internet Protocol (IP) addresses

15. Internet Protocol (IP) addresses Intermediary devices interconnect end devices; host to the network, and networks to other networks. Intermediary devices also manage the data through the network - they act like the 'post master' in mail delivery scenarios. These devices take the destination host address and combine that with information about network connectedness to decide on the path that messages take through the network. Intermediary devices therefore need to maintain network information (frequently update the network map) and may also notify other devices of errors. This allows them to choose alternative pathways, or retransmit data, or even deny the flow of data based on security settings.

16. Internet Protocol (IP) addresses An Internet Protocol address (IP address) is a numerical label assigned to each device connected to a computer network that uses the Internet Protocolfor communication. An IP address serves two principal functions: host or network interface identification and location addressing. Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) defines an IP address as a 32-bit number.However, because of the growth of the Internet and the depletion of available IPv4 addresses, a new version of IP (IPv6), using 128 bits for the IP address. These will help to facilitate IoT, as well as adding features for improved routing, security and data flow. Ipv4 has around 4 billion IP addresses (which ran out a few years back.) Ipv6 has around 340 undecillion(340x10^12) IP addresses

17. IP address lookup IP address can be looked up using command nslookup. Let us know what IP address you get when you look upfacebook.com? How many IP addresses do you think Facebook might have?

18. Domain Name Server(DNS) DNS is a host name to IP address translation service. DNS is a distributed database implemented in a hierarchy of name servers. It is an application layer protocol for message exchange between clients and servers. It matches a name (like facebook.com) to a number (like 157.240.8.35) - because humans prefer to deal with names and computers prefer numbers. The DNS is a large database of computer names and their internet addresses, but it is spread out so that no server has all the information. If a computer requests a domain name and that server doesn’t have it, it forwards the request to another DNS server. The Domain Name Service has a hierarchical structure, so requests get sent from the bottom up. When setting up an internet connection on a computer, it is usual to allocate a primary DNS server and one or more secondary servers. This information is generally provided by your ISP.

19. Domain Name Server(DNS)

20. Protocol Aprotocol is the special set of rules that end points in a telecommunication connection use when they communicate. Protocols specify interactions between the communicating entities.  Internet Protocol (IP) addresses are one of many protocols that operate within the Internet. Combining IoT ‘things’ and applications increases the number of protocols required. Having agreed protocols that operate at a set standard allows for computers on different sides of the world to communicate with each other. So,protocol is an agreed (or accepted) set of rules for a procedure. For example, there are many protocols in place across the world that help to determine how people interact with each other.

21. Protocol In the same way, the internet has many protocols to make sure computers can interact with each other in an agreed, standard way. The internet operates on a layered structure. When data is sent from one place to another, the data passes through different layers. Each layer has a protocol determining what and how information passes through.

22. Protocol • It is similar to when you go to the shops to buy groceries. We can break that trip down into layers of operation - and at each layer there is a procedure you need to follow for a successful shopping trip! • You leave the house – you need to remember to take your keys, wallet and shopping bag. • You get transport to (and from) the shop – you either need to find the right public transport, or follow traffic laws while driving/riding and find a parking spot. • In the shop, you locate and select your groceries – you follow a system of aisles and a way to choose your items. • You check out of the shop – you need to use a payment method and have a way to carry your groceries home. • There is a set of ‘rules’ for each stage which must be followed in order for you to successfully complete your shopping trip. Failure to take a payment method, or failure to find a parking spot or the item you want in the shop, for example, may result in an unsuccessful trip.

23. Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) is the premier Internet standards body. They define the TCP/IP model (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) which is the most common networking protocol suite. TCP/IP: a set of rules that governs the connection of computer systems to the Internet.

24. IoT Connecting Connecting everyday things to the internet brings with it a host of different situations that are more varied and problematic than a computer at a desk, or even a smart phone on the move. To address these complexities, IoT solutions need to use various protocols, depending on the situation. IoT makes use of existing technology for physical connections, and their corresponding protocols, such as Ethernet or 4G mobile. There are also newer protocols and connectivity types being developed specifically for IoT. Some IoT Protocols: LoRa WAN, Zigbee, Z-Wave, DASH7, 6LoWPAN, etc.

25. LoRa WAN LoRa stands for Long Range Radio. It is a wireless technology targeting M2M (Machine to Machine) and IoT networks. This technology will enable public or multi-tenanted networks to connect multiple applications running in the same network. LoRa technology could be used in a smart city set up, along with LoRa sensors and automated products and applications.

26. LoRa WAN LoRais a type of Narrowband RF technology. Narrowband RF technologies operate over longer distances and at lower power levels, but their trade-off is that they only offer smaller bandwidth connectivity, limiting their use to restricted data and bandwidth applications. Examples include alarm systems, critical sensor arrays, and many M2M applications. The main advantage of Narrowband RF technologies is that they are low cost to set up and operate, and the devices that they support use minimal power. This means they can be operated in an autonomous manner for long periods. Other examples of Narrowband RF are SIGFOX (Ultra Narrow Band) and NB-IoT (Narrow-Band IoT.)

27. IoT Connecting Video: Networking devices - Connecting the 'Things' to the Internet Direct Link: https://youtu.be/lyaktlLshX0

29. IoT Connection Type • Connecting things that were previously unconnected is a vast and varied task, and one that requires multiple options. IoT might be applied to a major structure like the Sydney Harbour Bridge, or a living creature such as a dairy cow. It might be controlling a large building machine or an alarm. • The majority of IoT cases require wireless connection, and there are many aspects to consider when choosing a protocol: • is the connection over a very short distance, or might it be citywide? • what is the volume of data being sent? Is it huge – such as video files – or small? • is the speed and frequency fast and continuous (with the benefit of ‘real-time information’), or only occasional (when a device does not need to be ‘on’ all the time, draining power)? • Each IoT solution needs to be considered in its own right. There is no 'one size fits all' solution.

30. IoT Protocols | Activity Drag and drop the protocols to match the rough data rate (low - bps, medium - kbps, high - mbps) and ranges (cm, m, km) in the five boxes below.

31. OUTLINE What is Networking? Communication Types

32. IoT Protocols | Review Question Many other factors - aside from connectivity range and data rate - differentiate the various protocols suitable for IoT. Select two from the list below that did NOT come up in the article. Low latency Scalability Power consumption Data quantity Frequency band Secureness Operating noise level Robustness Reliability Existing infrastructure Number of devices supported Cost Standby time Colour

33. End of Lecture.