Presentation Transcript

1. Chapter 17POLITICS IN THE GILDED AGE

   Section 1: Political Machines Section 2: Restoring Honest Government Section 3: The Populist Movement
2. Section 1: Political Machines Objectives: How did political machines emerge in U.S. cities? Why were immigrants important to political machines? How did corruption and illegal activities develop in many political machines? What events led to the collapse of public support for the Tweed Ring?
3. 1. Political Machines (1 of 4) 2. Political machines 3. Political machines controlled votes by offering jobs, political favors, and services to loyal supporters.
4. SECTION 1 Political Machines Ways in Which Machines Recruited and Rewarded Immigrants Why Immigrants Were Important to Machines • represented a huge supply of supporters and voters • tended to be particularly loyal to machines • welcomed immigrants upon arrival • found immigrants temporary housing and jobs • helped immigrants become naturalized citizens • helped immigrants with finances, funerals,andso on POLITICAL MACHINES AND IMMIGRANTS
5. Section 1: Political Machines (2 of 4) 2. Importance of immigrants 3. easily accessible—could be welcomed on arrival 3. had many needs for housing, jobs, and services 3. represented a huge supply of supporters and voters 3. tended to be loyal to machines
6. Section 1: Political Machines (3 of 4) 2. Corruption and illegal activities 3. Machines hired men to “vote early and often.” 3. Bosses took bribes, payoffs, and kickbacks.
7. Section 1: Political Machines (4 of 4) 2. Collapse of Tweed’s support 3. Thomas Nast’s cartoons revealed Tweed’s corruption, even to people who couldn’t read very well. 3. The New York Times published a series of articles exposing Tweed.
8. Section 2: Restoring Honest Government Objectives: What scandals plagued the Grant administration? Why did Americans want political reform, and how did this desire affect the Republican Party? Why did President Arthur’s positions on civil service reform change, and how did this affect his political party? How did President Harrison deal with President Cleveland’s reforms?
9. 1. Restoring Honest Government (1 of 4) 2. Scandals in the Grant administration 3. the gold market scandal 3. the CréditMobilier scandal 3. the Whiskey Ring scandal
10. Section 2: Restoring Honest Government (2 of 4) 2. Desire for reform 3. Americans wanted political reform and honest officials because corruption had become so widespread, and this desire split the Republican Party into the Stalwarts and the Half-Breeds.
11. Section 2: Restoring Honest Government (3 of 4) 2. President Arthur 3. Arthur began to support reform after the assassination of President Garfield, and this led to reform Republicans voting for Cleveland, the Democratic candidate, in the election of 1884.
12. Section 2: Restoring Honest Government (4 of 4) 2. Harrison’s response to Cleveland’s reforms 3. returned to political patronage 3. spent money on Republican pet projects
13. SECTION 2 • supported reform after the assassination of President Garfield • helped pass Pendleton Civil Service Act President Arthur and Reforms • split the Republicans • Stalwarts voted for James Blaine, the Half-Breed candidate; reform Republicans voted for Grover Cleveland, the Democratic candidate Effect on Republicans and the Election of 1884 • doubled the number of jobs requiring civil service exams• promoted reform in general President Cleveland’s Reforms President Harrison’s Response • returned to political patronage • spent money on Republican pet projects Restoring Honest Government
14. Section 3: The Populist Movement Objectives: What factors led to economic hardships for farmers? What did the farmers’ movements hope to achieve, and what weakened their efforts? Why did farmers support money backed by silver? What issues did the Populist Party support? How did silver affect the economy and the 1896 presidential election?
15. 1. The Populist Movement 2. Economic hardships for farmers 3. heavy debts 3. high freight and machinery costs 3. falling crop prices
16. Section 3: The Populist Movement 2. Farmer’s movements 3. hoped to pressure states to regulate freight andgrain-storage rates 3. formed cooperatives 3. offered low-cost insurance 3. lobbied for graduated income tax 3. weakened by government limits on the power of ICC 3. weakened by racial segregation
17. 2. Bread Basket of the World 3. Large areas of good farmland and improved farming techniques allowed farmers in the United States to grow a surplus of food.
18. Section 3: The Populist Movement 2. Money backed by silver 3. Farmers supported money backed by silver because they wanted to increase the paper money supply, and as long as only gold was allowed to back paper, the supply of it was restricted by how much gold the treasury had.
19. Section 3: The Populist Movement 2. Populist Party issues 3. graduated income tax 3. bank regulation 3. government ownership of railroad and telegraph companies 3. free coinage of silver 3. immigration restrictions 3. shorter workday 3. voting reforms
20. Section 3: The Populist Movement 2. The effects of silver 3. Silver was a central issue in the 1896 presidential campaign. 3. Populists supported Bryan because of his stand on silver. 3. William McKinley won the election with the support of business leaders who opposed free silver.
21. SECTION 3 • formed cooperatives • The government limited the power of ICC. • pressured states to regulate freight and grain-storage rates • offered low-cost insurance • The existence of racial segregation in southern states prevented a strong farmers’ coalition. • lobbied for graduated income tax The Populist Movement Factorsthat Weakened Efforts Effortsto Help Farmers FARMER’S ORGANIZATIONS
22. CHAPTER 17 Chapter Wrap-Up Can you answer the following? How were political machines able to unite immigrant groups to support their candidates? Why might many Stalwarts have considered civil service reform a violation of the democratic heritage of the United States? Why did William Jennings Bryan win such strong support in some parts of the country but so little in other regions?