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Intro to SPSS

Intro to SPSS. Kin 260 Jackie Kiwata. Overview. Intro to SPSS Defining Variables Entering Data Analyzing Data SPSS Output Analyzing Data Max, Min, Range Percentiles Mode, Median, Mean Standard Deviation. What is SPSS?. Stands for Statistical Package for the Social Sciences

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Intro to SPSS

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  1. Intro to SPSS Kin 260 Jackie Kiwata

  2. Overview • Intro to SPSS • Defining Variables • Entering Data • Analyzing Data • SPSS Output • Analyzing Data • Max, Min, Range • Percentiles • Mode, Median, Mean • Standard Deviation

  3. What is SPSS? • Stands for Statistical Package for the Social Sciences • Well suited for survey and experimental research • Includes statistical analysis and graphical presentation of data

  4. Opening SPSS • Start > Programs > Coursework > SPSS • Choose Type in data to begin

  5. The SPSS Windows • Data View: Used for data input • Variable View: Used for adding variables and defining variable properties

  6. How to use SPSS in general • Define variables in Variable View • Enter data in Data View • Analyze • Get Output

  7. Step 1 – Enter variables in Variable View

  8. Ex 1 – Defining Variables • Define 2 variables • Name – name of person • GPA – grade point average with 2 decimal places

  9. Step 2 - Enter Data • Enter data after defining variables • If variables are defined as Numeric, SPSS will only accept numeric digits • If variables are defined as String, SPSS will accept any keyboard character

  10. SPSS Data Editor • Variables = Columns • Cases = Rows • Cell = Intersection of Variable & Case

  11. Ex 2 – Enter Data

  12. Step 3 – Analyze Data • Today, we will analyze: • Minimum, maximum, range • Percentiles • Mode, median, mean • Standard Deviation • Should know concept and/or how to do by hand in addition to using SPSS

  13. Step 4 – Output

  14. Ex 3 – Find Mean of GPA • Use SPSS to find the GPA mean of the students

  15. Ex 4 – Find Min, Max, Range by Hand Basketball Free Throws Completed in 10 attempts • H: highest score (max) • L: lowest score (min) • R: range from highest to lowest score. R=H-L • N: number of scores X 10 9 9 7 7 7 6 5 5 5 4 4 3 3 1

  16. Ex 5 - Find min, max, range using SPSS • Go to: Analyze > Descriptive Statistics > Frequencies

  17. SPSS: Frequencies 2. Add variables to analysis 3. Click on Statistics button

  18. SPSS: Statistics 4. Checkbox the statistics

  19. SPSS: Output Frequencies

  20. Saving Output Table Tables/graphs generated in SPSS can be copied from SPSS Output and pasted into a Word document • In the SPSS Output window, right click the table. A box appears around the table and a red arrow to the left of it. • Select Copy objects from the menu • Paste into Word. NOTE: The object is copied as a picture into Word. The data within the picture cannot be edited.

  21. Percentiles • A point on a continuous scale of 100 divisions such that a certain fraction of raw scores lies at or below that point • e.g. The 75th percentile is equal to or better than ¾ of the scores • e.g. The 50th percentile is equal to or better than ½ of the scores

  22. Percentile Problem • A high school basketball coach decides the 60th percentile should be the cutoff point for selecting varsity team athletes. • If the coach uses free throw scores as a criterion, how many baskets must a player make to qualify?

  23. By Hand - Percentiles • Convert percentile to decimal • Multiply decimal by N and round off to the nearest integer. • Value obtained is the number of scores from the bottom, so count from the bottom up.

  24. By Hand – Percentiles, con’t. X = Basketball free throws completed in 10 attempts 10 9 9 7 7 7 6 5 5 5 4 4 N=15 3 H=10 3 L=1 1 R=10-1=9 1. Convert percentile to decimal. 60% = .60 2. Multiply decimal by N and round off if necessary .60 * 15 = 9 3. Count that many scores from the bottom up. 9 scores from the bottom is 6. Therefore, a player needs to make 6 or more free throws in order to qualify.

  25. SPSS - Percentiles 1. Analyze > Descriptive Statistics > Frequencies > Statistics 2. Enter percentile

  26. Percentile Output • What’s wrong with this result?

  27. Mode • The score that occurs most frequently • Can be bimodal or multimodal • E.g. 1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 7 • Mode = ?

  28. Median • The score associated with the 50th % • It is the middle score; divides data set in half • If N is even, take midpoint and round up to nearest integer 9 19 8 18 6* median17* reported 4 median 1 16 13 12

  29. Mean • The average • Sum the scores and divide by N e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Mean = (1+2+3+4+5)/5 = 3

  30. Ex 6 – Find Mode, Median, Mean through SPSS X = Basketball free throws completed in 10 attempts 10 9 9 7 7 7 6 5 5 5 4 4 3 3 1

  31. SPSS – Mode, Median, Mean 1. Analyze > Descriptive Statistics > Frequencies > Statistics 2. Check Mean, Median, Mode

  32. Ex 6 Output

  33. Standard Deviation • A statistic that tells you about the spread, or variability of the data set • How tightly is the raw data clustered around the mean? • How far are the scores from the average? • Use the normal curve to illustrate the concept of standard deviation

  34. Standard Deviation con’t. • Large SD indicates many data points are far from the mean • Normal curve is longer and flatter • Small SD indicates many data points are close to the mean • Normal curve is steeper and narrower

  35. SPSS – Standard Deviation

  36. References • SPSS Guide: http://www.calstatela.edu/its/docs/pdf/SPSS14Part1.pdf • Standard deviation • In depth: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_deviation • Simple: http://www.robertniles.com/stats/stdev.shtml

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