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1491-1600

The Atlantic World. 1491-1600. Conditions in Europe 1492. Political power in hands of a few Church & Aristocracy owned land and power Constant warfare & frequent civil wars Extensive poverty, and disease Overcrowded communities High crime rate General filth, greed, and corruption.

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1491-1600

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  1. The Atlantic World 1491-1600

  2. Conditions in Europe 1492 • Political power in hands of a few • Church & Aristocracy owned land and power • Constant warfare & frequent civil wars • Extensive poverty, and disease • Overcrowded communities • High crime rate • General filth, greed, and corruption

  3. The town of Leyden (and neither Delft as well I gather) was hardly paved with stone of brick and the streets were full of filth and excrement from numerous roaming cows, horses, pigs, small cattle, and poultry, but also of human beings who freely relieved themselves on the street. This necessitated wooden platform shoes (trippen)* which were bound under ones shoes. The town smelled badly, and in summer even enormously, especially when the mud was raked.

  4. Technological Advancements • caravel, a new and lighter ship was developed, which would allow sea captains to sail further and faster. • The compass—China • The astrolabe—the navigator could determine his latitude, by The using take the altitude of the sun

  5. Christopher Columbus • 1492—set sail from Spain • Nina • Pinta • Santa Maria • He was trying to reach Cathey (China) Was the world flat?

  6. Pythagoras—600BC the world is round • Eratosthenes—200BC same conclusion 28,000 mile circumference (24,901) • Claudia Ptolomy—22AD same conclusion Columbus believed the Earth was round, but only had a circumference of 6,000 miles What did his crew believe?

  7. Superstitious • The voyage was taking to long • The ocean was uncharted • Lights in the sky (Aurora Borealis) • Sea Monsters

  8. 8th week out at sea—food & water may run out • 9th week—LAND!!! • Natives were friendly, sharing, equal, and peaceful • The land was lush, clean, and abundant “I have reached the Garden of Eden”

  9. In 1492, Christopher Columbus landed in the West Indies, in the Caribbean. He encountered the Arawak people, who were friendly and generous toward the Spanish. Spanish conquistadors, or conquerors, followed in the wake of Columbus. They settled on Caribbean islands, seized gold from the Taínos, and forced them to convert to Christianity. Meanwhile, smallpox, measles and influenza carried by the Europeans wiped out village after native village. Native Americans had no immunity, or resistance, to such diseases.

  10. Cortes in Mexico Hernan Cortés landed on the Mexican coast in 1519. GOLD!!!!!!!!!!!! Cortés arranged alliances with discontented peoples who hated their Aztec overlords. The Aztec emperor, Montezuma, thought Cortés might be a god. He offered tribute to Cortés and welcomed him to Tenochtitlán. When relations grew strained, the Aztecs drove the Spanish out of Tenochtitlán. In 1521, Cortés returned and captured and demolished Tenochtitlán.

  11. European Advantages • Horses—Natives had never seen them • Body Armor—metal helmets, breast plates • Metal weapons—swords & fire arms • Disease—Smallpox, Measles, Flu

  12. Columbian Exchange

  13. Sugar Cane—White Gold

  14. France—Northwest Passage • Giovanni de Verrazzano—Does not find it: New York Harbor, 1524 • Jacques Cartier—Does not find it: St. Lawrence River • Samuel de Champlain—No passage: Quebec • French settle the area around The Great Lakes—Fur Trade • Explore the Mississippi river—Joliet & Marquette • Settle Louisiana • Jesuits—bring Christianity to natives

  15. ENGLAND • Why hasn’t England traveled to New World? • Lack of stability—1325-1500 perpetual state of war—Hundred Years War, internal strife (religious) • Set up trade w/Africa and Europe

  16. Lost Colony of Roanoke • 2nd attempt— Lost Colony of Roanoke • 1587—2nd expedition—120 men & women • Farmers, soldiers—build houses • John White sails back to England—supplies & more people • WAR—Spain & England • White cannot return for 3 years • No people are left, English or Native

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