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Ergonomics

Ergonomics . Is the study of how the human form moves at work and at play. Ergonomics must be taken

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Ergonomics

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  1. Ergonomics Is the study of how the human form moves at work and at play. Ergonomics must be taken into account when products are being designed, because if the human user is not comfortable when moving naturally to use the product, or is not comfortable in his/her mind when using the product, then they will not buy or use the product.

  2. Ergonomic consideration you need to take account of are: • What human physiology interaction is involved with this product? • What human psychological behaviour and attitudes could have an affect on the product? • What anthropometric sizes have an affect on the design of this product?

  3. Physiology The science of the process of life in nature, i.e. how the human muscles and skeleton moves naturally.

  4. Psychology • The science of human thought: study of the mind and behaviour: attitudes etc., characteristics of individual, type, etc., or animating specific conduct.

  5. Anthropometric data • Scientists have measured the full range of human bodies and have included this statistical information gathered on human sizes in data charts. The design term for this is called anthropometric data.

  6. Aesthetics • This is the appreciation of beauty in the eyes of the beholder. Shape, proportion, colour, texture and pattern are topics that influence beauty.

  7. Design Brief • An initial statement describing a design problem, situation or need for a new product

  8. Design specification • A detailed list of performance to be achieved by the solution of the design problem • What it must achieve

  9. Synthesis • Putting together, making a whole out of the parts: combination of separate elements of the parts • Thought in a whole with reasoning to reach a conclusion.

  10. Brainstorming • recording random ideas as thoughts occur, usually in group discussions.

  11. CAD CADD • Computer Aided Design and Draughting A CADD system may be regarded as a tool which allows designers to input design criteria such as sizes of components and tolerances. Standard components can be inserted from software libraries into designs. The behaviour of designs can be simulated and modifications can be made relatively easily by manipulating the stored images. Professionals, such as designers, engineers and architects, whose work involves draughting skills, have improved their productivity using computer-aided design.

  12. CADAM • Computer Aided Design And Manufacture • Robotics • Automation

  13. Product Evaluation • An in depth evaluation, reporting on the positive and negative aspects of the product. • Aesthetics • Ergonomics • Fitness for purpose ( function ) • Materials • Maintenance • Running costs • Durability • Value for money • Environment • Target market

  14. Prototype • A fully crafted solution to a product design, which can then be evaluated and developed further if necessary. THE LAST STAGE TO BUILD A FULL WORKING MODEL OF THE SOLUTION ATTEMPTS TO BE AS CLOSE AS POSSIBLE TO THE SOLUTION IT IS A ONE OFF IT IS USED FOR FINAL TESTING ie ERGONOMICS AESTHETICS IF THE DESIGNER AND CLIENT ARE SATISFIED THEN A MANUFACTURING BASE IS SET UP TO PRODUCE THE PRODUCT

  15. Modelling • A 3D illustration of a design concept or a component of a concept. SCALE MODEL SIMULATE MATERIALS PROTO TYPE PRESENTATION MODEL DISCUSS WITH DESIGNER CAD CHANGES CAN BE MADE AT EARLY STAGE

  16. Full Realisation • Complete manufacture of a 3-Dimensional product

  17. Rendering • The adding of tone or colour to a drawing to make it more realistic. • Giving depth and life

  18. Working drawings • Drawings/sketches which contain all the information required to. enable prototypes to be manufactured. (Your working drawings are the orthographic drawings, final design and exploded view )

  19. Fashion • Is the current creative design trend, that is imposed by those whose lead is accepted by the Population at this moment in time.

  20. Style • is particular types of design which are persistently regarded by the majority of the population as being good taste.

  21. Form • relates to the 3Dimension final appearance of a product. • Example 1. At the Bauhaus School of Design they believed that a final product should be based on the function of the object and have minimum extra decoration. • Example 2. Some designers use geometric forms, other designers use natural forms to help create the overall form of the product.

  22. Technological advances • the development of new materials, manufacturing techniques and devices, such as the microprocessor, carbon-fibre, Goretex material etc.

  23. Popliteal height • an anthropometric term of measurement from the ground to the back of the knee.

  24. Lateral thinking • this is when you create lots of different concept ideas, which you think can be used • to solve the same problem. These ideas need then to be evaluated against the design specification, to see if they are appropriate.

  25. Mind mapping • this is a method of brainstorming where design factors branches out like a tree, in the • form of a bubble chart. You need to consider all the design factors, which you analyse, and break this down into their component parts.

  26. Metomorphological analysis • Is a designing technique where you break down a product into parts, then producing a range of design ideas for each part, then combining the best part ideas into an original and • innovative final design.

  27. Metomorphological AnalysisEXAMPLE • Select one suggestion from each column at random and then draw a concept sketch for example a table. The legs could be cylindrical and made from oak, the top could be triangular and made from sheet steel.

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