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6.5 Hyponymy. 6.5 Hyponymy. Hyponymy deals with the relationship of semantic inclusion . The meaning of a more specific word is included in that of another more general word. 6.5 Hyponymy. General Specific superordinate subordinate/hyponym flower rose, plum, osmanthus ( 桂花 ）
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6.5 Hyponymy • Hyponymydeals with the relationship of semantic inclusion. • The meaning of a more specific word isincludedin that of another moregeneralword .
6.5 Hyponymy • General Specific • superordinatesubordinate/hyponym • flowerrose,plum, osmanthus (桂花） • animalcow, horse, sheep,
6.5 Hyponymy • Hyponymy can be described in terms of invertedtree-like graphs, with higher-order superordinates above the lower subordinates. • But their status either as superordinate or subordinate is relative to other terms.
6.5 Hyponymy plant flower vegetable tree cabbage carrot rose plum pine Chinese leaves red rose
6.5 Hyponymy • Hyponymy is very helpful in both receptive and productive processing of language. • In reading comprehension, coherence by hyponymy is an important key:
6.5 Hyponymy • The village had most of the usual amenities:a pub, a library, a post office, a village hall, a medical centre, and a school. • In production, knowing the semantic features of the hyponyms and their superordinates can help us achieve vividness,exactness, and concreteness.
6.5 Hyponymy [a]Trees surround the water near our summerplace. [b] Old elms surround the lake near our summercabin.
6.5 Hyponymy Comment and improve: It is said that a magnificent building was destroyedrecently. • I heard from my neighbour Lao Wang that Shangri-la Hotel in Hankou was burnt downon the night of May Day.
6.6 Semantic Field • Semantic fields refer to semantically related sets of words. • fruit: apple, pear, peach, apricot, date, mango, pineapple, orange, lemon • vegetable:, celery, lettuce, leek, potato cucumber, spinach, tomato, egg-plant
6.6 Semantic Field • The meaning of a word often depends on the neighbouring words which identify the semantic field and help pin down the meaning.
6.6 Semantic Field • What does orangemean? • orange: • orange: • orange: red, blue, yellow pear, apple, peach coke, pepsi, sprite
6.6 Semantic Field • What does captainmean? • Ship Crew Navy Army • captain captain captain • first officer/mate commander lieutenant • 船长上校 上尉 • 大副 中校 中尉
6.6 Semantic Field • Semantic field of address forms:
6.6 Semantic Field • Changes in the semantic field:
6.6 Semantic Field • In different languages, the semantic field may have different members. • Semantic field of Kinship terms:
6.6 Semantic Field: kinship 父亲 母亲 叔叔，伯伯，舅舅，姨父，姑父 伯母，婶婶，姑妈，姨妈，舅妈 堂兄/弟，表兄/弟，堂姐/妹，表姐/妹 侄儿，外甥 侄女，外甥女
