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Childhood Disorders

Childhood Disorders. Lori Ridgeway PSYC 3560. Overview. Internalizing Externalizing Developmental/learning Feeding/eating Elimination. Internalizing Disorders. Separation Anxiety School Phobia Selective Mutism Reactive Attachment “___________” Disorders PTSD Depression GAD.

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Childhood Disorders

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  1. Childhood Disorders Lori Ridgeway PSYC 3560

  2. Overview • Internalizing • Externalizing • Developmental/learning • Feeding/eating • Elimination

  3. Internalizing Disorders • Separation Anxiety • School Phobia • Selective Mutism • Reactive Attachment • “___________” Disorders • PTSD • Depression • GAD

  4. Separation Anxiety Disorder • Anxiety about separating from home/family • Distress • Worry • Avoidance • _______________ • Physical complaints • 4 weeks • Before 18 years

  5. Issues with SAD • Comorbidity - other anxiety disorders • Cultural values of _______________ • Prevalence = 4% • Late onset uncommon • Biology • First degree relatives • Parents with panic disorder

  6. School Phobia

  7. Selective Mutism • Failure to ___________ • At least 1 month • Exclusions: • Language • Communication disorders

  8. Issues with Selective Mutism • Related features • Social anxiety • Oppositional behavior • Prevalence = <1% • More common in ___________ • Typical onset before 5 • Chronic anxiety

  9. Reactive Attachment Disorder • Disturbed social relatedness • Before ___________ • Pathological care • Inhibited vs. disinhibited types

  10. Issues with RAD • ___________ and institutional care • Comorbidity • Developmental delays • Feeding disorders • Physical complications • Very uncommon • Prolonged neglect

  11. Treatment for Internalizing Disorders • Behavioral & cognitive behavioral • ___________ & ___________ • Gradual exposure • Relaxation • Reinforcement • Parent training/parent management • Cognitive approaches with older children

  12. “___________” Disorders • Symptom presentation • PTSD • ODD • Mood disorders • Phobias and panic

  13. Developmental & Learning Disorders • Autistic Disorder • ___________ • LD • Mental Retardation • Tic Disorders • Communication & Motor Disorders

  14. Autism • Impaired __________________ • Impaired communication • Repetitive/stereotyped patterns • Onset prior to age 3

  15. Related Features with Autism • Mental retardation • Weaker ___________ skills • Hyperlexia / “prodigies” • Behavioral difficulties • Self-injurious behavior (SIB) • Sensory abnormalities • Affective abnormalities • Feeding disorders

  16. Issues with Autism • Prevalence = 5 in 10,000 • 3-4 times higher in ___________ • Females  more severe MR • Continuous course • Differences in Sx’s over time • Best predictors  language & IQ

  17. Biology and Autism • Increased risk in siblings (5%) • ____________________ twins  36%-91% • Risk for developmental problems • Consistent prevalence across cultures • Specific genetic disorders • Pre- and perinatal complications • Brain abnormalities

  18. Asperger’s • ___________ spectrum disorder • Impaired social interaction • Repetitive/stereotyped patterns • Normal language and cognitive development • Continuous course • Increased risk in family members

  19. Treatment for Autistic Spectrum Disorders • Behavioral model • Intensive ___________ training • Manding • Social skills training • Controversial treatments • Diet • Sensory therapies • Communication boards

  20. Learning Disabilities • Significant disparity between ___________ and ___________ • IQ higher than achievement • Reading • Mathematics • Written expression

  21. Issues with LD • Prevalence = 2-10% • 40% ___________ school • Comorbidity externalizing and internalizing disorders • Problem  cutoff for significance • Problem  cultural sensitivity

  22. Mental Retardation • Significantly ___________ • Significant impairment in adaptive functioning • Onset prior to age 18

  23. Severity of MR • Mild = IQ of 50-55 to 70 • _____% of those with MR • Moderate = IQ of 35-40 to 50-55 • 10% of those with MR • Severe = IQ of 20-25 to 35-40 • 3-4% of those with MR • Profound = IQ below 20-25 • 1-2% of those with MR

  24. Etiology of MR • 30-40% no clear cause • Heredity and genetic disorders • Environmental ___________ • Developmental disorders • Pre- and perinatal complications • Medical complications

  25. Issues with MR • Prevalence = 1% • Cultural sensitivity in testing • Slightly more common in males • SES factors

  26. Tic Disorders • ___________ disorder • Chronic motor tic disorder • Chronic vocal tic disorder

  27. Feeding & Eating Disorders • ___________ • Rumination • Anorexia • Bulimia

  28. Elimination Disorders • Enuresis • Encopresis

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