Day1/ Session 3 Governance and Perspective of Decentralization & Deconcentration

1. Day1/ Session 3Governance and Perspective of Decentralization & Deconcentration

2. Objectives At the end of the session participants will be able to: Define in practical terms the meaning of governance, decentralization and deconcentration. Explain the reasons of implementing the decentralization and deconcentration reforms. Describe the core foundations of decentralization and deconcentration reforms.

3. Tips of the Session Decen-tralization The Importance of D&D Reforms Governance Policy and Legal Frameworks that help support the implementation of D&D Reforms Deconcentration vishmCÄkar

4. Questions for Small Group Discussion • Group 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6: • Question: “What is governance? and briefly • describe what you have observed about • governance in Cambodia” • Group 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12: • Question: “What is good governance? What are • the principles of good governance? and briefly • describe what you have observed about good • governance in Cambodia”

5. Governance What is Governance? The Governance means the ways in which nation-state, institutions manage its economic and social affairs, and security, in the interests, and on the behalf, of its citizens.

6. Good Governance What is Good Governance? 1. Participation 8. Responsiveness 2. Rule of Law Good Governance 7. Accountability 3. Transparency 4. Consensus oriented 6. Effectiveness Good governance is the means that state, institutions, or organizations use to govern economy, social affairs, and security to serve the common interests of the citizens by fulfilling 8 principles below: Good Governance for C/S councils by DOLA/MOI, Nov05, page6 5. Equity

7. Democratic Culture Improve Public Service Delivery and Infrastructure Social and Economic Development Poverty Alleviation Good Governance Responsiveness Equity Transparency Participation Accountability Effective & efficiency Consensus oriented Rule of Law

8. Questions for Pair Discussion • What is Decentralization? • What is Deconcentration?

9. Decentralization Decentralization: The Royal Government gives sub-national councils, such as Municipal, Provincial, Districts, Khans, Communes, and Sangkat councils, the ownership of functions, authorities and resources (financial, property,and staff) in order to respond to the local needs. The council must be accountable to local residents.

10. Deconcentration Deconcentration: The Royal Government, ministries or institutions delegate functions and resources to their own lower unit or to a level of councils to implement on behalf of the Royal Government, the ministries or the institutions. The units or the councils must be accountable to the Royal Government, ministry or institutions in accordance with the requirements of the delegation.

11. Basic Principles of D&D The reform will introduce systems and procedures as ensure that people, especially women, vulnerable groups and indigenous minorities can participate in decision-making at provincial/ municipal, district/khan and commune/sangkat levels. the reforms will strengthen the roles of councils at provincial/ municipal, district/khan and commune/sangkat administrations to be established in accordance with the principles of democracy by expanding their powers, duties, responsibilities and resources. Participa-tion of the people Democra-tic Repre-sentation Basic Priniciples of D&D Reforms Public sector account-ability Focusing on poverty reduction: Reforms will strengthen accountability at all levels of administration and facilitate citizens' oversight of the administrative and financial affairs of those administrations. The reforms will strengthen local capacity in using resources to support poverty reduction activities, especially vulnerable groups, indigenous minorities and women and children in order to achieve the Millennium Development Goals of Cambodia. Effective- ness Reform will bring public services closer to users by allowing citizens to participate in planning and monitoring public services in order to meet local needs and priorities. The reform will also improve administration and coordination, strengthen the management capacity of provinces/ municipalities, districts/khans and communes/sangkats in order to promote the quality of services and expand the delivery of public services.

12. Basic Principles of D&D Democratic Representation The reforms will strengthen the roles of councils at provincial/municipal, district/khan and commune/sangkat administrations to be established in accordance with the principles of democracy by expanding their powers, duties, responsibilities and resources.

13. Basic Principles of D&D Participation of the people The reform will introduce systems and procedures as ensure that people, especially women, vulnerable groups and indigenous minorities can participate in decision-making at provincial/ municipal, district/khan and commune/sangkat levels.

14. Basic Principles of D&D Public sector accountability Reforms will strengthen accountability at all levels of administration and facilitate citizens' oversight of the administrative and financial affairs of those administrations.

15. Basic Principles of D&D Effectiveness Reform will bring public services closer to users by allowing citizens to participate in planning and monitoring public services in order to meet local needs and priorities. The reform will also improve administration and coordination, strengthen the management capacity of provinces/ municipalities, districts/khans and communes/sangkats in order to promote the quality of services and expand the delivery of public services.

16. Basic Principles of D&D Focusing on poverty reduction The reforms will strengthen local capacity in using resources to support poverty reduction activities, especially vulnerable groups, indigenous minorities and women and children in order to achieve the Millennium Development Goals of Cambodia.

17. Question for Pair Discussion Why do we need to have decentralization and deconcentration reforms?

18. Reasons for D&D Reforms • Citizens can participate in local decisions • Effective and closer public service delivery to citizens • Increase possibility of resource mobilizing at local level with contribution from citizens, civil society and private sector • Source - Key principles for management of Sub-National Administrations by NCDDS Jun09,p7 Reasons • Strengthen multi-party democracy at local level • Promote social and economic development • Promote local development and poverty reduction with local ownership and the opportunity for citizens to participate in the decision making process • Source - Key principles for management of Sub-National Administrations by NCDDS Jun09,p8 Objectives

19. Question for Brainstorming Is there any policy and legal framework that help support the implementation of D&D reforms?

20. Key D&D Policy & Legal Frameworks • Rectangular Strategy • Strategic Framework on Decentralization and Deconcentration reforms Policy Framework Legal Framework • Law on Administrative Management of Commune/Sangkat • Law on Administrative Management of the Capital, Provinces, Municipalities, Districts and Khans