Personal/Social Identity Development: Who am I? Who are my people?

1. Personal/Social Identity Development: Who am I? Who are my people? Christopher E Hughbanks AHE 199 Lecture Residence Education University Housing and Dining Services Oregon State University Powerpoint Adapted From: Adams, M., Bell, L. & Griffin (2007) “Teaching for Diversity and Social Justice,” New York: Routledge.

2. Delimitations We focus on social justice issues in the United States This one way to understand the dynamics of social justice and oppression This is a snap shot of a dynamic process

3. Diversity Education • Focuses on appreciating differences between social identity group • Group’s traditions, language, style of dress, cultural practices, religious beliefs and practices … • Lacks an emphasis on power dynamics or differential access to resources and institutional support needed to live safe, satisfying, productive lives

4. Social Justice Education • Focuses on understanding the social power dynamics that result in some social groups having privilege, status, and access while other groups are disadvantaged, oppressed, and denied access • Focuses on individual and social action to eliminate oppression

5. Identity • A specific marker of how we define ourselves at any particular moment in life (Kirk & Okazawa-Rey) • A set of behavioral or personal characteristics by which an individual is recognizable as a member of a group (American Heritage dictionary)

6. Identity Continued • Comes about through the interaction between one’s internal sense of who one is (based upon one’s social grouping) and the views of oneself and one’s group reflected back by others in society (Kirk & Okazawa-Rey) • Different contexts may highlight different dimensions of identity • Salience of identities varies in different situations and throughout life (Tatum)

7. Identity Formation • An ongoing process - the result of a complex interplay among individual decisions and choices, life events, community recognition and expectations, and societal categorization, classification and socialization - micro, mezo and macro level (Kirk & Okazwa-Rey) • Answers Questions; • Who Am I? Who do I want to be? • Who do others think I am and want me to be? • Who and what do societal and community institutions say I am? • Which social groups do I want to affiliate with?

8. Personal Identities • Characteristics that make you an individual • How we see and feel about ourselves • Personality, hobbies, activities, geographic location, academic or social issues

10. Social Identities / Social Groups • Social Group (How people see / categorize me): • A collection of people who share a range of physical, cultural or social characteristics within one of the categories of social identity (Harro, 2000) • e.g., woman, Mexican, middle class, bi-sexual, Catholic, etc • Social Identity - (How I see myself) • One’s sense of oneself as belonging to a particular social group (Harro, 2000)

11. Some Social Identity Categories Sex Race Class Religion Ability / Disability Age Gender Sexual Orientation Ethnicity Culture Language

12. Example Social Identity Categories and Social Group Memberships

14. Questions?

15. Social Location • The point where all the features embodied in a person overlap (multiple identities) • A way of expressing the core of a person’s existence in the social and political world placing us in relationships to other, the dominant culture of the US and the rest of the word • We live with multiple identities, some are privileged and some are targeted

16. Social identity groups have different statuses Advantaged (agent, dominant, privileged) People within each social identity category with greater access to social power and privilege Targeted (oppressed, disadvantaged) People within each social identity category whose access to power is limited or denied

17. Privilege Unearned access to resources (social power) only readily available to some people as a result of their advantaged social group membership. Examples: Feeling physically safe in most places Having connections to help you reach career goals Having access to Health Care Having your family legally sanctioned and protected through marriage Being seen as an individual rather than stereotyped as a member of a social group

18. Prejudice and Discrimination Prejudice: A set of negative personal beliefs about a social group that leads individuals to pre-judge people from that group or the group in general, regardless of individual differences among members of that group. Discrimination: The act of denying members of a particular group equal access to societal resources (ie. education, jobs, housing, health care, etc.) - occurs when prejudiced feelings move into the realm of behavior

19. Oppression A system that maintains advantage and disadvantage based on social group memberships and operates, intentionally and unintentionally on individual, institutional, and cultural levels.

20. Matrix of Oppression AND

21. Effects and Characteristics of Social Groups Advantaged • Valued • Privileged • “Namers” • “Normal” • Accepted • Visible • Un-self conscious • Ignorant of target groups’ experiences • Dehumanized Targeted • Devalued • Suspected/blamed • Stereotyped / Labeled • “Abnormal” • Excluded • Invisible • Conscious of self • Knowledgeable of advantaged group • Dehumanized

22. Questions to Consider • What social identities do your close group of friends and family hold? Are there trends, commonalities? • Which social identities were the hardest / easiest to identify for myself? • Where are my learning edges? Which social identities categories would I like to learn more about? • How will my residence hall community get to know each other’s personal and social identities • How will I address conflict connected to social identities that surfaces in my residential community?

23. Level & Types of Oppression

24. Levels of Oppression Individual Societal/Cultural Institutional

25. INDIVIDUAL Attitudes and actions that reflect prejudice against a social group. Attitudes Beliefs Socialization Interpersonal interactions Individual behaviors

26. INSTITUTIONAL Policies, laws, rules, norms, and customs enacted by organizations and social institutions that disadvantage some social groups and advantage other social groups. Media Government Employment Religion Education Housing Legal System Health Care

27. SOCIAL/CULTURAL Social norms, roles, rituals, language, music, and art that reflect and reinforce the belief that one social group is superior to another. Values and norms (Politeness, Etiquette) Language (Dialects) Standards of beauty Holidays Gender roles Societal expectations

28. TYPES OF OPPRESSION Conscious Knowingly supporting social oppression through individual, institutional, and social/cultural means

29. TYPES OF OPPRESSION Unconscious Accepting the dominant way of thinking and justifying oppression as normal or part of the natural order. The unknowing or naive collusion with the maintenance of social oppression.

30. Examples: Levels & Types of Oppression

31. More Questions to Consider • How does oppression impact the RA and CRF positions? • Where does oppression (racism, classism, homphobia, sexism) exist on campus and in the residential community? • How will I address issues of social justice and oppression in my residential community? • What offices on campus can help me do this work? • What questions do I still have? What aspects of oppression were new to me? Where can I go for more information? • What happens when an issue arises in the community and I don’t know what to do?

32. Questions?