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Salmonella Poisoning: know the facts, stay healthy.

Salmonella Poisoning: know the facts, stay healthy. Adenike O. Alaga , MPH student Walden University PUBH 6165-1 DR. Eve Clute Fall, 2011. Intended audience: . General public Parents of infants and very young children Elderly and those caring for them

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Salmonella Poisoning: know the facts, stay healthy.

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  1. Salmonella Poisoning: know the facts, stay healthy. Adenike O. Alaga, MPH student Walden University PUBH 6165-1 DR. Eve Clute Fall, 2011

  2. Intended audience: • General public • Parents of infants and very young children • Elderly and those caring for them • Those who are immunosuppressed due such diseases as HIV/AIDS. • U.S. department of Health and Human Services, U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Bad Bug Book: Foodborne Pathogenic Microorganisms and Natural Toxins Handbook. Retrieved from http://www.fda.gov/food/foodsafety/foodborneillness/foodborneillnessfoodbornepatho... on 9/16/2011

  3. What is Salmonella • Motile bacterium • Rod-shaped • Non-sporeforming • Gram negative • Causes Salmonellosis • Over 2,500 types and serotypes World Health Organization (2005). Drug-resistant Salmonella. Fact sheet 139. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/mediacenter/factsheets/fs139/en/ on 09/19/2011 U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Bad bug book: Pathogenic Microorganisms and natural toxins handbook- Salmonella spp. Retrieved from http://www.fda.gov/food/foodsafety/foodborneillness/foodborneillnessfoodbornepatho on 09/16/2011

  4. What is Salmonella? Cont. • Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Enteriditis are most important serotypes of salmonella that cause transmission of salmonellosis from animals to humans. World Health Organization (2005). Drug-resistant Salmonella, Fact sheet 139. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/mediacenter/factsheets/fs139/en/ on 9/19/2011

  5. Where is Salmonella found? • Warm and cold blooded animals • Chickens • swine • Rodents • Dogs • Humans • Clark, M.(2005-2011). Salmonella Litigation: A Resource for Salmonella outbreak legal cases. Retrieved from http://www.salmonellalitigation.com/salmonella_vehicles/view/category/person-to-person/ • Todar, M.(2009). The Microbial World: Lectures in microbiology: Salmonella and Salmonellosis. Retrieved from http://textbookofbacteriology.net/themicrobialworld/salmonella.html • Vermont Department of Health: Agency of Human Services. (2005). Salmonella. Retrieved from http://healthvermont.gov/prevent/salmonella/salmonella.aspx#five • World Health Organization(2005). Drug-resistant Salmonella, Fact sheet 139. Retrieved from Http://www.who.int/mediacenter/factsheets/fs139/en/ on 9/19/2011

  6. Where is salmonella found: food sources. meats • Eggs • Poultry • Swine & frog leg • Unpasteurized milk & milk products • Yeast • Fish and shrimp • Cake mix • Peanut better • Salad dressing & sauces • Desserts with cream fillings & topping

  7. Where is salmonella found: environmental sources. • Soil • Insects • Water • Animal feces • Factory surfaces • Raw poultry • Raw seafood • Raw meat

  8. Salmonella: Transmission • Poor food handling • Contaminated food • Contaminated water

  9. Salmonellosis: Associated symptoms • Fever • Stomach pain & cramps • Nausea • Vomiting • Diarrhea

  10. Symptoms Continued • More chronic consequences such as arthritic symptoms can show up 3 to 4 weeks following the unset of acute symptoms. • Salmonella can cause blood stream infection known as Sepsis, which is severe and again life threatening if proper treatment with antibiotics and fluids are not initiated promptly.

  11. Diagnosis and Treatment • Stool culture to identify serology • Followed by treatment with antimicrobials that can be administered orally or by intravenous injections. World Health Organization(2005). Drug-resistant Salmonella, Fact sheet 139. Retrieved from Http://www.who.int/mediacenter/factsheets/fs139/en/ on 9/19/2011

  12. Treatments cont. • For adults: • Fluoroquinolones • For children: • Cephalosporins • Alternative choices: • Chloramphenicol • Ampicillin • Amoxicillin • Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole • World Health Organization(2005). Drug-resistant Salmonella, Fact sheet 139. Retrieved from Http://www.who.int/mediacenter/factsheets/fs139/en/ on 9/19/2011

  13. How to prevent salmonellosis • Eggs/meats/poultry • Keep refrigerated, at less than or equal to 4 degrees Celsius. Only buy from stores that do the same. • Clean food surface contact areas with soap and water, then disinfect using sanitizing agents such as bleach. • Wash hands with soap and water after handling raw meat, egg, or poultry

  14. How to prevent salmonellosis cont. • Cook meat, poultry and eggs thoroughly, eat them in a timely manner, and refrigerate any uncooked or left over portions promptly. • When dinning out in restaurants, avoid foods made with eggs that are unpasteurized or uncooked, and meats that have not been thoroughly cooked. • Infants, young children, elderly and those with immunosuppressive illnesses especially should not eat any kind of raw and uncooked meats or eggs. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(2011). Tips to reduce your risk of salmonella from eggs. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/features/salmonellaeggs/ on 9/19/2011

  15. How to prevent salmonellosis cont. • Cleanse raw vegetables as best as possible, removing any visible dirt and soil. • When in doubt about water; whether because of color, taste, odor, or source don’t drink it. Its always better to be safe than sorry. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(2011). Tips to reduce your risk of salmonella from eggs. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/features/salmonellaeggs/ on 9/19/2011

  16. Best ways to clean food to eliminate bacteria. • Wash hands • Wash food thoroughly • Wash utensils and surfaces • Cook thoroughly • Eat food in timely fashion • Refrigerate promptly • If it looks or smells suspicious don’t eat it

  17. References: Alaga, A.(2011). Foodborne illness and pesticide residues. Originally written on 09/22/2011 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2011). Tips to reduce your risk of salmonella from eggs. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/features/salmonellaeggs/ on 9/19/2011 Clark, M.(2005-2011). Salmonella Litigation: A resource for salmonella outbreak legal cases. Retrieved from http://www.salmonellalitigation.com/salmonella_vehicles/view/category/person-to-person/ Todar, M.(2009). The microbial world: Lectures in microbiology: Salmonella and Salmonellosis. Retrieved from http://textbookofbacteriology.net/themicrobialworld/salmonella.html U.S. Department of Health & Human Services (U.S. Food and Drug administration). Bad Bug Book- salmonella spp. Retrieved from http://www.fda.gov/food/foodsafety/foodborneillness/foodborneillnessfoodbornepatho... on 9/16/2011 Vermont Department of Health: Agency of Human Services.(2005). Salmonella. Retrieved from http://healthvermont.gov/prevent/salmonella/salmonella.aspx#five World Health Organization (2005). Drug-resistant Salmonella. Fact sheet 139. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/mediacenter/factsheets/fs139/en/ on 09/19/2011

  18. More Information For more reading and information on the subject of Salmonella and Salmonellosis please visit the following websites: www.cdc.gov www.fda.gov www.who.int Your local health department would also be an excellent source of information on salmonella and salmonellosis infection.

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