USE AND ABUSE OF

1. USE AND ABUSE OF OSCILLOSCOPES Featuring the Agilent 54600B Digital Oscilloscope

2. Safety Tips Protect Yourself Avoid contact with Voltage or Current Sources Use shrouded test leads and alligator clips. F Connect leads to oscilloscope first. F Connect probe to ground before F connecting to high. Familiarize yourself with the manual. F

3. Introduction

4. ground power switch intensity knob channel inputs external trigger

5. • This switch turns the oscilloscope on and off. Power Switch

6. • This knob adjusts the brightness of the display • If no trace is seen, it may be because the intensity knob is set too low. Intensity Knob

7. • This connection may be used to ground probes. Ground Connection

8. • These connections are used to connect coaxial cable, probes, etc. to the oscilloscope. • The outside of the connector is grounded. Signal Inputs (1 & 2)

9. • This connector is used to connect an external triggering source. External Trigger

10. Voltage Indicators Vp Vrms Vpp Vrms = Vp · .707 (Sine wave)

11. f = 1/T w = 2 p f Frequency and Period Period, T f1 ( t )

12. D V DC Offset

13. Th Tl Th Tl Duty Cycle 50 % (Square Wave) Tl = Th Less than 50% (Pulse Train) Tl = Th

14. Calibration

15. • To check the oscilloscope calibration, connect a probe to channel one and to the calibration prong. • If the oscilloscope does not read approx. 5V and 1.2 kHz, notify lab supervisor. Oscilloscope Calibration

16. • With the probe still connected to the calibration prong, check to see if the wave is square. • If the wave is not square, use a small screwdriver to adjust the probe until the wave is square. Probe Calibration Properly Calibrated Overcompensated Undercompensated

17. General Oscilloscope Overview

18. £ • Make sure the input voltage level 400 V. • Connect a BNC cable or a probe to a channel input. • Connect the other end of the cable or probe to the device to be measured. Connecting a Signal

19. • Use the vertical position knob (located above the channel input connector) to position the signal vertically on the screen. Positioning a Signal Vertically

20. Positioning a Signal Horizontally • Use the delay knob to move the signal horizontally. • Note the value displayed on the status line.

21. • Turn the time/div knob to adjust the sweep speed (time base). • The sweep speed has a range from 2ns to 5s. Setting the Time Base

22. Triggering the Signal

23. • Use the level knob to set the trigger voltage. • The screen will display the trigger level in inverse video and a horizontal line representing the trigger location. Using the Level Knob

24. • Use this menu to assign a trigger source. • The choices are line, CH1, CH2 and external. Source Menu

25. • Use this menu to choose a trigger mode. • The choices are auto level, auto, normal, single, and TV. Mode Menu

26. Making Automatic Measurements

27. • Use this menu to make automatic voltage measurements. • Measurements include peak to peak voltage, rms voltage, max voltage, etc. The choice is Voltage Menu made using the softkeys below the display.

28. • Use this menu to measure frequency, period, duty cycle, risetime, etc. Time Menu

29. • This menu brings up a list of cursor commands and activates the cursor knob. • The cursors can be used to measure specific voltages, times, etc. Cursor Menu

30. Vertical Section

31. addition menu volts per division volts per division channel menu channel menu position knob position knob

32. Horizontal Section

33. delay knob main/delayed menu time per division

34. Trigger Section

35. source menu trigger level knob mode menu slope/coupling menu holdoff knob

36. Miscellaneous Sections

37. setup menu time menu voltage menu cursor menu trace menu cursor knob autoscale print/utility display menu

38. run key erase key stop key autostore Storage Section

39. Presentation by Timothy Cameron, Ph.D. Assistant Professor of Mechanical Engineering GMI Engineering & Management Institute Visual Aids and Production Assistance by Mark Sawko Senior, Manufacturing Systems Engineering, GMI Jeff Hana Freshman, Engineering, GMI Equipment Provided by Agilent Technologies, Electronic Measurement Division

40. • Agilent 54600B User’s Guide • Agilent 54654A Training Kit For More Information

41. USE AND ABUSE OF OSCILLOSCOPES Featuring the Agilent 54600B Digital Oscilloscope

42. • Safety Tips • Front & Rear Panel Layout • Signal Features Introduction

43. Protect Yourself: Avoid contact with Voltage or Current Sources • Use shrouded test leads and alligator clips. • Leads: Connect to oscilloscope first; Connect/disconnect at source so loose lead is dead. • Connect probe to ground before connecting to high. Protect the Scope: • 400V maximum on input. • Use probes to reduce high voltages. • Be familiar with user’s guide. Safety Tips

44. Autoscale/ Display/Print Front Panel Features Save/Recall Measurement Storage Triggering Vertical Scale Intensity Ground Inputs External Trigger Calibration Power Hortizontal Scale

45. Voltage Indicators Vp Vrms Vpp time Vrms = 0.707 Vp (Sine wave)

46. 1 Hz f = T w = 2 ¢ p ¢ f Frequency and Period Period T rad/s ( t ) time

47. D V DC Offset 0

48. Duty Cycle - Pulse Waveforms Duty Cycle = % of HIGH T Period where signal 20% is high Duty Cycle T LOW Square Wave: T HIGH 50% Duty Cycle 50% Duty Cycle T LOW

49. 100% 90% 10% 0% risetime falltime Risetime / Falltime - Pulse Waveforms

50. Angular Velocity Magnetic Pickup • Autoscale • Averaging, Vpp