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Is a computer virus alive?. What can it do?. What is it made of?. Spread from computer to computer Be in a computer without being active Make a computer “sick” Reproduce Follow directions. Coded information stored by electricity Directions. Is the flu virus alive?. What can it do?.
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Is a computer virus alive? What can it do? What is it made of? Spread from computer to computer Be in a computer without being active Make a computer “sick” Reproduce Follow directions Coded information stored by electricity Directions
Is the flu virus alive? What can it do? What is it made of? Spread from person to person Be in a person that isn’t showing symptoms of flu Make people sick Reproduce Follow a program • Sting of coded information surrounded by proteins • Proteins are atoms which are electrically charged
What is Philosophy? • Explores what we don’t know • When answers are found it becomes science • The study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence
Why study philosophy? To become trained to think clearly about problems from multiple perspectives To become trained to consider implications of decisions and actions To become trained to anticipate opposing arguments To critically examine your own life and the world you live in
Pre-Socratics The Beginnings of philosophy
Thales (THAY-leez) • Astronomer and expert on managing water • Water = liquid, solid and vapor and could explain how reality changes • Water must be the basic ingredient in the universe
Anaximander (an-ax-uh-MAN-der) • Basic ingredient in the universe is “boundless” • Known elements are in opposition to each other – primal substance must be neutral • Scientist – drew a map of the known world and invented a sundial • People evolved from fish
Anaximenes(an-ax-uh-MEEN-eez) • Pupil of Anaximander • Air was the primal substance • Earth was flat and held together by air
Pythagoras (puh-THAG-or-us) • Mathematics - (a²+b²=c²) • Transmigration of souls • Society of disciples • Divine principles of the universe can be expressed in terms of relationships of numbers • The secrets of the cosmos are revealed by pure thought, through deduction and analytic reflection on the perceptible world.
Heraclitus (hare-uh-KLITE-us) • Criticized conventional opinions and wise men • Everything is in flux and all things are one • Nature of things is a formula • Influenced other philosophers
Metaphysics concerned with abstract thought or subjects, as existence, connectedness or truth
Parmenides (par-MEN-uh-deez) • From cosmological to metaphysical • Senses are misleading so we must rely on reason • What is and what not is • You can’t think of something that doesn’t exist – existence is eternal
Empedocles (em-PED-uh-kleez) • Fire, air, earth and water • Atomism • Love and Strife • Evolution