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Russian Society and Culture

Russian Society and Culture. 1450-1750 Lesson 6. Main Ideas:. “The Time Warp”: Mongol rule in Russia led to social & cultural retardation—Russia in 1500 is identical to Russia in 1200 Ivan IV & the Romanov dynasty established autocratic rule with the boyars & the Orthodoxy in support

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Russian Society and Culture

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  1. Russian Society and Culture 1450-1750 Lesson 6

  2. Main Ideas: • “The Time Warp”: Mongol rule in Russia led to social & cultural retardation—Russia in 1500 is identical to Russia in 1200 • Ivan IV & the Romanov dynasty established autocratic rule with the boyars & the Orthodoxy in support • Russian society relied on coercive labor to provide for its needs

  3. Geographic Issues • Vast territory • Extreme environmental challenges • No natural barriers = constant invasion

  4. The Nature of the Russian Autocracy • Czar vs. boyars: • boyars in control until Ivan IV • Ivan III: Orthodox Church is the key—they control the people! • Aristocracy concedes to Czar in theory, but often have him “removed”

  5. Russian Serfdom • Carried over from pre-Mongol rule • Russia & the West: • Europe, 1450-1750: rapid pop. growth & urbanization • Russia: economically behind, sticks to agriculture • Russian food imports to W. Europe>>solidifies ag. econ. and thus, serfdom

  6. Russian Serfdom • 1400-1800: half of pop. enserfed to boyars, another 40% owes some allegiance to state • Similarities to Western Serfdom: • worked manor-like estates • could form village govts.

  7. Russian Serfdom • Contrasts to Western Serfdom: • could be bought and sold • no legal protection against abuse • Law Code of 1649—abolished freedom for runaways

  8. Russian Serfdom vs. Latin American Labor • Comparisons: • used for large-scale estate agriculture or mining • can be exchanged freely • Obrok: similar to Spanish mita system – labor obligation (owed labor to landlords or govt) • subject to abuse at owners’ whim

  9. Russian Serfdom vs. Latin American Labor • Contrasts: • have some legal status (taxes) • typically aren’t worked to death • can organize as a community • enslaved by other Russians!

  10. Russia at 1750 • Legitimate world power • large pop., strong ag. producer, large military • Developmentally behind Europe (and not sure they want to catch up) • Are we Western or Eastern?

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