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CO 2 as a Fuel Feedstock

CO 2 as a Fuel Feedstock. John L. McCormick Energy Policy Center. “I do not come to bury CO 2 , I come to prize it.”. Black line shows the annual figure Red line shows the trend over the full 33 years

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CO 2 as a Fuel Feedstock

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  1. CO2 as a Fuel Feedstock John L. McCormick Energy Policy Center

  2. “I do not come to bury CO2 , I come to prize it.”

  3. Black line shows the annual figure Red line shows the trend over the full 33 years Blue lines show the varying rate of the trend over 10 year periods

  4. Arctic Sea Ice Melt Record 1979-2008

  5. CO2 CONCENTRATION MEASURED AT MAUNA LOA TO 2007 WITH PROJECTED INCREASE TO 2020 USING ANNUAL GROWTH RATE OF 1.95 PPM/YR

  6. Atmospheric CO2 Concentration 1970 – 1979: 1.3 ppm/y 1980 – 1989: 1.6 ppm/y 1990 – 1999: 1.5 ppm/y 2000 – 2007: 2.0 ppm/y 2007: 2.2 ppm/y Year 2007 Atmospheric CO2 concentration: ≈ 383 ppm 37% above pre-industrial Data Source: Pieter Tans and Thomas Conway, NOAA/ESRL

  7. Volume of 15 States’ CO2 Liquid phase: Liquid density (at -20 °C (or -4 °F) and 19.7 bar) : 1032 kg/m3 0.348 Cubic Miles Gaseous phase: Gas density (1.013 bar and 15 °C (59 °F)) : 1.87 kg/m3 192 Cubic Miles

  8. CO2 STATIONARY SOURCES (Metric Tons)

  9. Add A Dash Of Gas Pipelines

  10. CO2 SEQUESTRATION SITES

  11. SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES MASSACHUSETTS ET AL. v. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY No. 05–1120. Argued November 29, 2006—Decided April 2, 2007 “EPA does not dispute the existence of a causal connection between man-made greenhouse gas emissions and global warming. At a minimum, therefore, EPA’s refusal to regulate such emissions “contributes” to Massachusetts’ injuries.” “§202(a)(1) of the Clean Air Act authorizes EPA to regulate greenhouse gas emissions from new motor vehicles in the event that it forms a “judgment” that such emissions contribute to climate change. We have little trouble concluding that it does. “ “EPA has offered no reasoned explanation for its refusal to decide whether greenhouse gases cause or contribute to climate change. Its action was therefore “arbitrary, capricious, . . . or otherwise not in accordance with law.”

  12. An Oxy-fired Coal Plant and FTS With Hand O2 Supplied From HTR-driven Water Splitting

  13. Candidate nuclear heat sources: • Advanced Light Water Reactors - Supercritical Water-Cooled Reactor (SCWR) - Advanced Pressurized Water Reactor (APWR) - Simplified Boiling Water Reactor (SBWR) • Advanced Liquid-metal-Cooled Reactors - Sodium-cooled Fast Reactor (SFR) - Pb/Pb-Bi Cooled Fast Reactor (LFR) • Advanced Gas-Cooled Reactors - Advanced Gas Turbine Modular Helium Reactor (AGMHR) - Pebble bed Modular Helium Reactor (PB HTGR) - Advanced Gas Reactor (AGR) - Gas Fast Reactor (GFR) • Advanced High-Temp. Reactor (AHTR)

  14. Reactor Technology Candidates for H2 Production Yildiz & Kazimi, MIT-NES-TR-001, Sept. 2003

  15. Comparison of thermal-to-hydrogen efficiencies of HTSE and SI processes as a function of temperature T outlet (oC) Yildiz & Kazimi, MIT-NES-TR-001, Sept. 2003

  16. Oxy-combustion Scheme

  17. Vattenfall’s 30 MW Oxy-combustion Test Facility at the Schwarze Pumpe Power Plant in Germany

  18. REVERSE WATER GAS SHIFTCO2 + H2 = CO + H2OWe know the chemistry.At proposed throughput rate, mechanics and economics are unknown.

  19. The location of Sasol’s huge new factory, Secunda Sasol Synfuels complex, Units 2 & 3 – Secunda South Africa 2007 Production: approx. 160,000 bbl/day From Veld to Factory

  20. Progress Energy’s Crystal River FL Plant2442 MW Coal; 890 MW NuclearUnit 1: 440 MW Coal-fired (on line 1966)

  21. Coal Gasification and FTS Reliant upon H2 Provided by HTR Driven HTSE or SI

  22. “I believe that water will one day be employed as fuel, that hydrogen and oxygen which constitute it, used singly or together, will furnish an inexhaustible source of heat and light, of an intensity of which coal is not capable.” Jules Verne, The Mysterious Island (1874)

  23. Borrowing a note of commercial optimism: ‘We can do it. You can help.’

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