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Delivering the Code for Sustainable Homes 9 Nov 2006

This study analyzes the cost implications of meeting Level 3 of the proposed Code for Sustainable Homes and explores potential cost-saving measures. It also evaluates the benefits of site-wide solutions and the use of new technologies.

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Delivering the Code for Sustainable Homes 9 Nov 2006

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  1. Delivering the Code for Sustainable Homes9 Nov 2006 Emyr Poole Senior Projects Manager National Consultancy Unit

  2. Key Points Aim: To establish a universal standard for sustainable housing that will replace and unify other standards including EcoHomes • Fully resolved and authenticated • Readily usable by the house building industry • Well managed by independent organisation • Affordable • Widely recognised, respected and valued • Bridge to Building Regs – signal long term trajectory

  3. The Cyril Sweett study : Aims • Analysis of the cost implications of meeting Level 3 of the proposed Code for Sustainable Homes • Understand sensitivity of costs to energy and water • Identify relationship between cost and performance • Evaluate potential for savings from • Widespread adoption of technologies favoured by the Code • Use of new technologies that could deliver higher performance more effectively • Analyse the potential benefits of site wide solutions

  4. Study incredibly complicated • 6 house types x 6 levels x 10 standards = 360 variations • 108 credits • 27 credits linked to mandatory standards • The rest are tradable • Each credit has a different weighting and all credits can be traded • Significantly different from EcoHomes • HELP : I’m a house builder get me out of here

  5. Method 1. Select house types 2. Establish cost and performance baseline 3. Identify environmental enhancements (energy, water and other) 4. Cost analysis of enhanced specifications 5. Application to different development scales 6. Review of measures to reduce costs 7. Summary, conclusions and proposals for further work

  6. Costing Process • Based on 2006 compliant house types and prices • Costs base of a volume house builder (5-10k homes per annum), building anything from 10-200 units • Costs include main contractors preliminaries, fees, overheads, profit, contingency, etc) Main exclusions • site works, VAT • Impact of bulk purchasing – 5000 units (vary by technology from 5-60% - solar PV, hot water, GSHP, micro CHP, biomass boilers grey water recycling etc) • No review of market expansion over next 10 years - technologies and prices will change in response to market: precedents for this

  7. Benchmark Prices

  8. Minimum standards Key elements Measures standards

  9. Tradable Standards Elements measures standards

  10. Minimum Standards Other mandatory requirements: • Control of run off • Minimum green guide ratings • Site waste management plans • Provision of waste storage facilities

  11. Energy measures considered • Building Fabric (walls, windows, floor and roof) • Heating (performance and controls) • Ventilation • Low carbon technologies (CHP and micro CHP) • Renewable energy (solar thermal, PV, wind, biomass)

  12. Scenarios • Energy efficiency measures followed by solar water heating then photovoltaics and then biomass • Energy efficiency measures followed by small scale wind turbines then biomass • Use of site wide energy solution (CHP) Also considered Micro CHP for houses (although not available on the market at present)

  13. Energy costs to achieve Level 3

  14. Other energy saving measures • Proprietary construction details • Water efficiency measures • Waste water heat recovery • Ground / air source heat pumps • Passive design

  15. Water measures considered • WCs • Taps • Showers • Baths • Appliances • Greywater • Rainwater • Options considered very low flow taps and low (4/2l) flush toilets • EA recommend using 4.5 single flush (approved) and recycling only in flats • Issues about what is acceptable to the householder

  16. Water costs • Communal systems can significantly reduce costs of CSH Levels 5 and 6 for housing (see graph)

  17. Water costs

  18. Cost of achieving the CSH

  19. Costs – detached house

  20. Costs – summary

  21. Costs – summary (scenario 1)

  22. Comparison of CSH Level 3 and EcoHomes Very Good

  23. Potential Cost Reductions • Innovation in approach and design • Cost reduction from increased market size (experience curves) • Use of new technologies and construction methods • Bulk Purchasing – quotes very dramatically • Site wide approaches and the growth of ESCO and MUSCO services – implications very interesting • Scalability – Tattenhoe etc

  24. Rapid increase in use of key technologies in response to legislation Experience curves suggest an ~18% cost reduction for each doubling of market Micro CHP already being sold at around £1350 a unit for bulk orders

  25. Emerging technologies • Stores up to 100l • Computer monitoring controls grey water quality • Minimal space requirements • Cost ~£2k • Can be installed by standard wet trades

  26. Wind • Low noise and vibration • Works better in low wind speeds than horizontal access • More aesthetically pleasing • 6kW (8,500 to 11,000 kWh) system ~£25k • Payback +15 years

  27. Fuel cells • No / low emissions at point of generation • Low noise • Highly efficient CHP • Carbon emissions dependent on source of hydrogen • Not commercially viable but costs falling

  28. Impact of site wide options • Options considered • Wind • CHP • Biomass • Wind – cheapest but not always suitable • Biomass – expensive (~£70 per m2) • CHP - Similar to micro CHP in cost and carbon saving • New finance and funding mechanisms – off balance sheet • EP already finding that costs aren’t as frightening as predicted – first 1000 carbon neutral homes

  29. Other issues • Planning • many regional and local authorities are planning or have implemented their own energy policies and targets • Milton Keynes – off-set (50 times more cost effective than on-site renewables) • GLA has minimum renewable target – 10% rising to 20% • Other local authorities use EcoHomes (will they switch?) • Other authorities have other standards covering a range of issues • Planning and Building Regs must be coordinated or there could be chaos for industry

  30. How to get to our goal The aim is to deliver carbon neutral development as soon and as cost effectively as possible • Fewer and clearer steps • Very clear signal to the market (set out exactly when and what change will occur) • Ensure planning is coordinated • Give adequate time for supply chains to evolve • Ensure regulation and legislation are in place • Ensure that accreditation systems and capacity is in place • Invest in Marketing/PR/Brand, win public support • Be aware that this is not the cheapest or most efficient way to deliver carbon reductions

  31. www.englishpartnerships.co.uk

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