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INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION. I . Cell Biology. A. Definition. B. History of Cell Biology. 1. Microscope Development. a. Zacharias Janssen, 1595 first light microscope. b. Galileo Galilei, 1609 focusing device. c. Robert Hooke, 1665 coined “Cellulae”.

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INTRODUCTION

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  1. INTRODUCTION I. Cell Biology A. Definition

  2. B.History of Cell Biology 1. Microscope Development a. Zacharias Janssen, 1595 first light microscope b. Galileo Galilei, 1609 focusing device c. Robert Hooke, 1665 coined “Cellulae” d. Anton van Leeuwenhoek, 1672 “Homunculus” and “Animalcules” e. Charles Spencer, 1850’s first compound scope f. Max Knot & Ernst Ruska, 1933 first electron microscope

  3. 2. Basics of Cell Theory a. Robert Dutrochet, 1824 plants made of cells b. Robert Brown, 1824 The nucleus & Brownian motion c. Theodor Schwann & Matthias Schleiden, 1839 Cell Theory i. The cell is the basic unit in living organisms. ii. The cell is the building block of organisms. d. J. Purkinji, 1840’s coined the term protoplasm e. Rudolph Virchow, 1859 “Spontaneous Generation” iii. Cells arise from preexisting cells.

  4. 3. Cellular Control a. Karl van Nageli, 1846 plant cells derived from direct division of maternal cells b. E. Strausburger & Walter Fleming, 1840’s directions for growth and division of cells contained in the nucleus c. Gregor Mendel, 1860’s proposed a hereditary molecule was responsible for expression of traits in an organism d. Frank Meischer, 1871 proposed nuclein material of nucleic acids

  5. d. Robert Altmann, 1889 purified nucleic acids into purine (A & C) and pyrimidine (T & G) bases DNA in all cells, while RNA variable e. James Watson & Francis Crick, 1953 summarized research and built model of DNA

  6. II. Characteristics of Life A. Highly Organized Biosphere  Molecules Figure 1.4

  7. B. Transform Energy Bioenergetics

  8. C. Reproduce Variation in Nature

  9. D. Grow & Develop Stages and Accomplishments

  10. E. Irritable & Adaptable Daily Adjustments vs. Population Changes

  11. F. Practice Homeostasis Balanced against Change

  12. Negative vs. Positive Mechanisms Figure 1.13b Figure 1.13a

  13. III. Types of Cells A. Size Limits Surface Area vs. Volume Dilemma Figure 6.7 Figure 6.2

  14. B. Prokaryotes 2. Characteristics 1. Size Limits Figure 6.5 Figure 1.8

  15. C. Eukaryotes 2. Characteristics 1. Size Limits Figure 6.8 Figure 6.2 Figure 6.8

  16. D. Viruses 1. Characteristics The parts == a. protein (capsid , landing gear, and injector) surrounding a b. nucleic acid core (genome = can be DNA or RNA) Figure 19.3

  17. 2. “Life” Strategies a. Lytic versus b. Lysogenic Figure 19.5 Figure 19.6 E. Viroids & Prions 1. What?

  18. IV. Cellular Differentiation A. Forces B. Mechanisms

  19. V. Organism Classification A. Definitions b. Taxa D, K, P, C, O, F, G, & S B. Schemes Figure 1.15 a. Trophic Levels

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