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Prepared by: Jeffrey Taylor A00815505

ECE5320 Mechatronics Assignment#01: Literature Survey on Sensors and Actuators Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) Image Sensor. Prepared by: Jeffrey Taylor A00815505. 3/20/2012. Slide- 2. Outline. Reference list To probe further Major applications

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Prepared by: Jeffrey Taylor A00815505

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  1. ECE5320 MechatronicsAssignment#01: Literature Survey on Sensors and Actuators Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) Image Sensor Prepared by: Jeffrey Taylor A00815505 3/20/2012

  2. Slide-2 Outline • Reference list • To probe further • Major applications • Basic working principle illustrated • A typical sample configuration in application • Major specifications • Limitations • Recent improvements 03/07/12 ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

  3. Slide-3 Reference list Fairchild Imaginghttp://www.fairchildimaging.com/documents/CIS1021_datasheet.pdf Canon Science Lab http://www.canon.com/technology/s_labo/light/003/05.html How Stuff Works http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/cameras-photography/digital/question362.htm Visible Light CMOS Image Sensorshttp://www.slac.stanford.edu/econf/C020909/efslide.pdf Teledyne Dalsa http://www.teledynedalsa.com/corp/markets/ccd_vs_cmos.aspx 03/07/12 ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

  4. Slide-4 To explore further Many online sources are regurgitating basic information on the difference between Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) and CMOS image sensors Recommended: http://www.scribd.com/doc/47253031/Photonics-Spectra-CCDvsCMOS-Litwiller Additional: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image_sensor http://www.siliconimaging.com/cmos_fundamentals.htm http://www.axis.com/products/video/camera/ccd_cmos.htm http://www.alphamountworld.com/photography-news/sonys-back-illuminated-cmos-sensor 03/07/12 ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

  5. Slide-5 Major applications CMOS image sensors are used in a variety of photo apparatuses, specifically those that are relatively small: cameras, camcorders, medical instruments, etc. photo by armno_old 03/07/12 ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

  6. Basic Working Principle An array of photodiodes captures light. Photo on alphamountworld.com

  7. Basic Working Principle An amplifier amplifies the voltage output of the diode. Voltage signals are read and interpreted as different intensities of light by other system electronics. Photo on siliconimaging.com

  8. Basic Working Principle In order to have a color CMOS sensor, each pixel has an array of color filters. http://www.cambridgeincolour.com/tutorials/camera-sensors.htm

  9. Basic Working Principle The light data from each color sensor is combined to create a single color pixel signal.

  10. Sample Configurations The sensor is typically mounted directly onto a printed circuit board. • http://www.cleaningtips.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/CMOS-Sensor.jpg

  11. Sample Configurations An array of fine wires transfers the light data for image processing. • http://www.cleaningtips.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/CMOS-Sensor.jpg

  12. Sample Configurations Below is a complete system configuration and application of a typical CMOS sensor. • http://www.axis.com/products/video/camera/about_cameras/img/inside_cam.gif

  13. Sample Configurations Another example of electrical system configurations. • http://www.sensorcleaning.com/pics/CMOS_sensor_diagram.jpg

  14. - Column level amplifier gain - Power consumption - I/O interface - Package Type Sensor Specifications - Active array size - Pixel size - ADC resolution - Shutter type - Maximum frame rate The major specifications of a CMOS sensor include:

  15. - Peak quantum efficiency (QE) - Dynamic Range - Modulation transfer function (MTF) - Lag More Sensor Specifications - Read noise - Dark current - Photoresponse nonuniformity (PRNU) - Non-linearity

  16. Limitations As with any sensor, there are pros and cons. These are best illustrated by comparing them with the other commonly used light sensor: CCD. • http://www.circuitstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/01/Charge-coupled-Device-CCD.jpg

  17. CMOS vs CCD CCD CMOS -Fast response -Lower power consumption -Lower manufacturing cost -Poorer low light performance -Lower dynamic range -Can require rolling shutter -Windowing capabilities -Antiblooming -More rugged -Single chip integration -Slower response -Higher power consumption -Higher manufacturing cost -Superior low light performance -Higher dynamic range -Doesn't require rolling shutter -No windowing capabilities -No Antiblooming -Less rugged -Multiple electronics integration

  18. Recent Improvements Improvements in manufacturing have led to cheaper production costs and more uniform pixel distribution. • http://invensense.com/images/nasirifabricationprocess-tech.png

  19. Recent Improvements Companies are experimenting with new array color filter configurations to maintain number of active pixels while decreasing size. • http://www.imaging-resource.com/NPICS1/FOVEON_X3_BREAKOUT_1_L.JPG

  20. Recent Improvements New back-illuminated CMOS decrease the noise of the sensor by moving electronics behind the photo-diode. • http://www.alphamountworld.com/filez/u2/02.jpg

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