SPE 243: The Exceptional Child

1. SPE 243: The Exceptional Child Kimberly Cole KHCole@cedarcrest.edu

3. IDEA What do you know about IDEA? Complete the left side of the paper now. At the end of class- complete the right side of the paper

4. Special Education Jargon Test your knowledge

6. Chapter 1 Overview of Today’s Special Education

7. Values to Guide You • Envisioning Great Expectations • Enhancing Positive Contributions • Building on Strengths • Becoming Self-Determined • Expanding Relationships • Ensuring Full Citizenship

8. Who are the Students? • Approximately 6 million students ages 6 – 21 • 321,894 infants and toddlers or 2.7% of U.S. infants and toddlers • 709,004 preschool children or 5.7% of the preschool-aged population

9. Who are the students continued? • Approximately 2/3 boys and 1/3 girls in special education • Approximately 1.8% to 18 % of students in the gifted and talented category in different states- Overall, 6.4 % of the school population • Females slightly outnumber males in gifted and talented category

11. Special Education Personnel • Supervisors/administrators • Psychologists • Diagnostic/evaluation staff • Audiologists • Speech therapists • Additional specialists • School social workers • Occupational therapists • Physical therapists • Recreation and therapeutic specialists • Paraprofessionals

12. Judicial Decisions and Legislation • Mills v. Washington, DC, Board of Education and Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Citizens [PARC] v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania • The courts ordered school districts to: • Provide a free, appropriate public education to all students with disabilities • Educate students with disabilities in the same schools and basically same programs as students without disabilities • Put into place procedural safeguards so that students can challenge schools that do not live up to the court’s orders.

13. Introduction to IDEA • IDEA(originally called Education of All Handicapped Students Act or PL 94-142) was first enacted in 1975

14. P.L. 94-142 • Beginning of what we now know as IDEA • IEPs • Least Restrict Environment • FAPE: Free and Appropriate Public Education • Funding for special education

15. The Span of Special Education • IDEA has three sections: • Part A sets out Congress’s intent and national policy to provide a free appropriate public education to all students with disabilities • Part B serves children ages 3 to 21 • Part C serves students ages birth to 2

16. Related Services • Psychological services • Recreation and therapeutic recreation • Rehabilitative counseling services • School health services • Service coordination services • Social work services in schools • Speech pathology and speech-language pathology • Transportation and related costs • Vision Services • Assistive Technology • Audiology • Counseling services • Early identification • Family training, counseling, and home visits • Health services • Medical services • Occupational therapy • Orientation and mobility services • Parent counseling and training • Physical therapy

17. IDEA Disability Categories • Other health impairments • Orthopedic impairments • Traumatic brain injury • Speech or language impairments • Hearing impairments • Visual impairments • Specific learning disabilities • Emotional disturbance • Mental retardation • Multiple disabilities • Deaf-blindness • Autism

18. Individuals with Disabilities Education Act: Six Principles • Zero reject • Nondiscriminatory evaluation • Appropriate education • Least restrictive environment • Procedural due process • Parental and student participation

19. Zero Reject • Ensures all children and youth (3 - 21), no matter how severe their disabilities, will have an appropriate education provided at public expense • Discipline

20. Nondiscriminatory Evaluation: Two Purposes • Does the student have a disability? • What kind of special education and related services does the student require? • Assessment Requirements • Screening • Prereferral • Response to intervention • Referral • Nondiscriminatory evaluation

22. Appropriate Education: IEP/IFSPs • Individualized education for each student with a disability • Developed collaboratively by the same people involved in the evaluation • Outcome oriented (include goals/objectives) • Provide the foundation for the student’s appropriate education

23. Appropriate Education IFSPs • Document for children ages 0–2 • Describes the services both the child and family will receive • Should be developed within 45 days of referral and reviewed at 6-month intervals and every year thereafter IEPs • Document for students 3–21 • Need to be in effect at the beginning of the school year • Reviewed and revised at least once a year

24. IEP Team Participants • Parents • General educator • Special educator • School system representative • Evaluation interpreter • Others • Student

25. Least Restrictive Environment • Education with students who do not have disabilities • For early childhood, IDEA favors the “natural environment” • The rule: A presumption of inclusion • Access to the general education curriculum • The continuum of services • Extracurricular and nonacademic inclusion

26. Procedural Due Process Makes schools and parents accountable to each other • Resolution session • Mediation • Not required by IDEA but strongly encouraged • Due process hearing • Similar to a regular courtroom trial • Conducted before an impartial hearing officer • Parents and schools are entitled to have lawyers present

27. Relationship Among 6 Principles IDEA

28. Federal Funding of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act No Child Left Behind- 6 Principles Rehabilitation Act • Allows people to seek vocational rehabilitation services so they may work (OVR) • Provides services such as supported employment programs and job coaches Tech Act Allows states to create statewide systems for delivering assistive technology devices and support to people with disabilities

29. Other Federal Laws: Entitlements and Antidiscrimination • Section 504 • Applies to any program or activity receiving federal funds • Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) • Applies to other programs or activities available to the public that do NOT receive federal funds

30. “Person with a disability” Rehabilitation Act and ADA • Physical or mental impairment- limits 1 or major life activities • Has a record of an impairment

31. Special Education Results • Equality of opportunity • Full participation • Independent living • Economic self-sufficiency Measured by: • High school completion rates • Post school employment rates • Overall satisfaction with life

32. You tube • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zm4QQjmrCzs&feature=related • Timeline of Special Education

33. IDEA Take out paper from beginning of class Complete Right side of paper