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Road Safety 101: Understanding Crash Contributing Factors

Learn about human, roadway, vehicle, and environmental crash factors and their interactions in road safety. Explore analysis methods, scientific principles, problem identification, countermeasure selection, and cost-effectiveness. Track through modules on crash factors, human factors, roadway types, vehicle features, and environmental conditions. Discover how factors like demographics, behavior, facility types, and crash avoidance affect road safety. Study crash data analysis, investigation, and reconstruction to enhance your understanding.

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Road Safety 101: Understanding Crash Contributing Factors

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  1. Contributing Crash Factors, Countermeasure Selection, and Evaluation

  2. Tracking your way through Road Safety 101 Core Competency 4: Module 1: Contributing Crash Factors and Interactions Module 2: Scientific Principles for Effective Road Safety Analysis Module 3: Problem Identification Module 4: Countermeasure Selection Module 5: Cost Effectiveness of Alternative Countermeasures

  3. Crash Contributing Factors & Interactions Identify contributing crash factors and how they interact.

  4. Major Topics • Human Crash Factors • Roadway Crash Factors • Vehicle Crash Factors • Environmental Crash Factors • Analysis Methods

  5. Human Crash Factors • Demographic Factors • Age • Gender • Racial and Ethnic Groups • Behavioral Factors • Aggressive driving • Impaired driving • Occupant protection • Illegal Driving • Driver Inattention

  6. Roadway Crash Factors • Exposure • Facility type • Interstates and freeways • Rural roads • Intersections • Pedestrian facilities • Bicycle facilities

  7. Rural Disaggregation by Facility Type 2001-2008 K+A Crashes, Safety Funding 2001-2011 (HSIP+TSIP) Statewide 16388 $93M Not Colored in Analysis Urban = 6182 (38.0%) $33M (35.0%) Rural = 10101 (62.0%) $60M (65.0%) State System = 4105 (25%) $52M (56%) Local System = 5996 (36.5%) $7.97M (8.5%) Freeway = 1113 (6.8%) $7.83M (8.4%) Expressway = 793 (4.8%) $27.4M (29.5%) Two-Lane = 2199 (13.4%) $17.2M (18.5%) Unpaved = 2223 (13.6%) $ 0 (0.0%) Paved = 3773 (23.0%) $7.97M (8.5%) Interchange 119 (0.7%) $0 (0.0%) • Non-Interchange • (6.1%) • $7.83M (8.4%) • Intersection • (1.5%) • $4.6M (4.9%) Non Intersection 553 (3.4%) $22.8M (24.5%) • Intersection • (2.7%) • $4.53M (4.9%) Non Intersection 1749 (10.7%) $12.7M (13.7%) Intersection 640 (3.9%) $0 (0.0%) Non Intersection 1583 (9.7%) $0 (0.0%) Intersection 964 (5.9%) $1.87M (2.0%) Non Intersection 2809 (17.1%) $6.1M (6.6%) SVROR = 685 (4.2%) Shoulder/Rumble = $11.5M (12.4%) SVROR = 253 (1.5%) Shoulder/Rumble = $22.1M (23.8%) SVROR = 461 (2.8%) Shoulder/Rumble = $7.34M (7.9%) SVROR = 1637 (10.0%) Shoulder/Rumble = $4.86M (5.2%) C L/Head On = 608 (3.7%) Centerline/Median = $1.3M (1.3%) Cross Median/Head On = 46 (0.3%) Centerline/Median = $0.122M (0.1%) Cross Median = 125 (0.8%) Centerline/Median = $0 (0.0%) Head On = 237 (1.4%) Centerline/Median = $0 (0.0%) Rear End = 139 (0.8%) Other = 317 (1.9%) Other = $0 (0.0%) Rear End = 98 (0.6%) Other = 156 (1.0%) Other = $0.487M (0.5%) Rear End = 181 (1.1%) Other = $0.487M (0.5%) Rear End = 150 (0.9%) Right Angle = 167 (1.0%) Other = $1.24M (1.3%) Right Angle = 188 (1.1%) Rear End = 19 (0.1%) SVROR = 15 (0.1%) Other = 18 (0.1%) Signal = $0.007M (0.0%) Turn Lanes = $1.96M (2.1%) Signal & Turn Lanes = $2.52M (2.7%) Other = $0.105M (.1%) Right Angle = 248 (1.5%) Rear End = 55 (0.3%) SVROR = 66 (0.4%) Other = 81 (0.5%) Signal = $0.496M (0.5%) Turn Lanes = $3.53M (3.8%) Other = $0.500M (0.5%) Right Angle = 572 (3.5%) Rear End = 62 (0.4%) SVROR = 196 (1.2%) Signal = $0.364M (0.4%) Turn Lanes = $0.606M (0.6%) Other = $0.896M (0.1%)

  8. Facility Types • Divided Highways • Interstates/Freeways • Expressways • Undivided Highways • Multi-lane • 2 lane • Rural/Urban roads

  9. Facility Types (cont.) Intersections Source: NCHRP Report 500: Vol. 12, Signalized Intersections, NAS, 2004)

  10. Facility Types (cont.) • Pedestrian Facilities • Bicycle Facilities

  11. Vehicle Crash Factors • Crash Avoidance • Crash Survivability

  12. Crash Avoidance • Suspension • Braking • Vehicle Mass • Low Center of Mass • Driver Aids • Traction

  13. Crash Survivability • Safety Equipment • Propensity for Rollover • Energy Absorption

  14. Environmental Crash Factors • Rain • Snow, Sleet, & Ice • Fog • Wind and sun

  15. Methods for Studying Crash Factors • Crash Factor Interactions • Observational Studies • Crash investigation and reconstruction • Observational data • In-vehicle monitoring

  16. Crash Data Analysis

  17. Crash Investigation & Reconstruction http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VheS0CpmE-k http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4DRWGy5Ba3w

  18. Simulator Experiments http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TJpTp7djeNU http://www.cgsd.com/DrivingSimulator/DS230.avi Source: www.cgsd.com/DrivingSimulator/ds100.html

  19. In-Vehicle Monitoring http://www.idrive.pro/us/index.php http://espanol.video.yahoo.com/watch/5018797/13350370

  20. Review • Human Crash Factors • Roadway Crash Factors • Vehicle Crash Factors • Environmental Crash Factors • Analysis Methods

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