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Embedded Systems vs. GPR

Embedded Systems vs. GPR. Architectures for Embedded Systems vs. GPC. Traditionally embedded processors have (economically) dominated general purpose processors quite significantly in numbers shipped (8 bit vs. 32 bit) also in revenue

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Embedded Systems vs. GPR

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  1. Embedded Systems vs. GPR

  2. Architectures for Embedded Systems vs. GPC • Traditionally embedded processors have (economically) dominated general purpose processors • quite significantly in numbers shipped (8 bit vs. 32 bit) • also in revenue • Still, for some time high-end microprocessors were the technological drivers of the semiconductor industry • First due to high-end workstations • Then due to personal computers • Increasingly embedded systems and not computer products are driving both the economics and the technology of the semiconductor industry • This increasingly motivates a study of processors, and their architectures, for embedded systems

  3. Embedded Systems: Products - 1 Consumer Electronics HDTV CD player video games video tape recorder programmable TV camera music system Computer Related personal digital assistant printer disc drive multimedia subsystem graphics subsystem graphics terminal Communications cellular phone video phone fax modems PBX

  4. Embedded Systems: Products - 2 • Office Equipment • smart copier • printer • smart typewriter • calculator • point-of-sale equipment • credit-card validator • UPC code reader • cash register • Control Systems • Automotive • engine, ignition, brake system • Manufacturing process control • robotics • Remote control • satellite control • spacecraft control • Other mechanical control • elevator control Medical Applications instruments: EKG, EEG scanning imaging

  5. Embedded System implementation System FUNCTIONALITY DSP Program ROM ASIC Program ROM ASIP Core DSP Core OFF-THE SHELF µP Coefficient ROM Control Coefficient ROM Control EMBEDDED CORE µP APPLICATION SPECIFIC µP (ASIP)

  6. Integration boosts performance/cuts cost Digital Camera hardware diagram Mechanical Shutter 256Kx16 DRAM Image Processing ASIC CMOS Imager A/D 256Kx16 DRAM MCU Memory Card I/F Serial Memory Card EEPROM Power LCD Control ASIC ASIC Control LCD 68-pin conn. PCMCIA 3.3V CR-123 Lithium Cell Door 32 Kx8 Interlock SRAM ASIC Integration Opportunity Expose Activity LED User Interface Keys

  7. Compaq/Digital StrongARM Memory Dominance in StrongArm

  8. Embedded System Runs a few applications often known at design time Not end-user programmable Operates in fixed run-time constraints, additional performance may not be useful/valuable General purpose computing Intended to run a fully general set of applications End-user programmable Faster is always better Embedded Systems vs. General Purpose Computing - 1

  9. Embedded System Differentiating features: power cost speed (must be predictable) General purpose computing Differentiating features speed (need not be fully predictable) speed did we mention speed? cost (largest component power) Embedded Systems vs. General Purpose Computing - 2

  10. Trickle Down Theory of Embedded Architectures • Mainframe/supercomputers • High-end servers/workstations • High-end personal computers • Personal computers • Lap tops/palm tops • Gadgets • Watches ... • Features tend to trickle down: • #bits: 4->8->16->32->64 • ISA’s • Floating point support • Dynamic scheduling • Caches • LIW/VLIW • Superscalar

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