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Care of Patients with Urinary Problems. Urinary Tract Calculi. Presence of calculi (stones) in the urinary tract Assessment Pain-relief measures: Drug therapy Lithotripsy Surgical therapy. Lithotripsy.
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Urinary Tract Calculi • Presence of calculi (stones) in the urinary tract • Assessment • Pain-relief measures: • Drug therapy • Lithotripsy • Surgical therapy
Lithotripsy • Laser lithotripsy and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy use sound, laser, or dry shock wave energy to break the stone into small fragments. • Topical anesthetic cream is applied to skin site of stone. • Hematuria is common after lithotripsy.
Bladder Cancer • Risk factors • Clinical manifestations • Diagnostic studies
Surgical Therapy • Ileal conduit