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EAS 2200 Earth Systems Lab Sessions (1146 Snee Hall)

EAS 2200 Earth Systems Lab Sessions (1146 Snee Hall). TA: Chen Chen Office: 4144 Snee Hall Email: cc839@cornell.edu Lab: Tu , Wed, 2PM - 4:25PM Office Hour: Thursday, 3PM – 5PM . Textbook: Lab notebook (bring it every week)

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EAS 2200 Earth Systems Lab Sessions (1146 Snee Hall)

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  1. EAS 2200 Earth SystemsLab Sessions (1146 Snee Hall) TA: Chen Chen Office: 4144 Snee Hall Email: cc839@cornell.edu Lab: Tu, Wed, 2PM - 4:25PM Office Hour: Thursday, 3PM – 5PM

  2. Textbook: Lab notebook (bring it every week) • Website: http://www.geo.cornell.edu/eas/education/course/descr/EAS220/ • Lab Schedule: 12 indoor labs and 2 field trips • Due Friday at 3PM: Mailbox on second floor or my office • No Late Labs!

  3. Topographic Map: 2-D representation of 3-D of Earth’s surface Contour lines show elevation eg: Fig 1 (next slide), Figure 7-B (Lab notebook) GEOS - the pearson custom library for geography & geology

  4. Fig. 1 Example of Topographic Map [1]

  5. Rules for Contour lines • Index Contours • Contour Intervals • How to draw contour lines: a. have points: line the points on the same elevation b. have contour lines: interpolation; extrapolation • Streams; Overhanging Cliff; Vertical Cliff; Depression Contours; Steepness GEOS - the pearson custom library for geography & geology

  6. Fig. 2 Index Contour; Contour Interval [2]

  7. Streams: V pattern; Apex of V points upstream (uphill) Fig. 3 Streams on topographic map [3] GEOS - the pearson custom library for geography & geology

  8. Contour Lines never cross each other except: where the overhanging cliff is present Fig.4 Overhanging Cliff [4] GEOS - the pearson custom library for geography & geology

  9. Contour lines merge to form a single contour line Fig. 5 Vertical Cliff [5] GEOS - the pearson custom library for geography & geology

  10. Depression contours: hatchure on the downhill side represent closed depressions Steepness: Steep slope: close contour lines; Gentle slope: far apart contour lines Fig. 6 Depression Contours [6] GEOS - the pearson custom library for geography & geology

  11. Other Stuff for Reading Map • Relief: elevation difference between 2 points • Gradient: Relief / Distance between 2 points • Valley: High elevation on both sides • Ridge: High elevation in the middle • Top of the hill: contour lines repeat on opposite sides of a depression • Side of the hill: only repeat on one side GEOS - the pearson custom library for geography & geology

  12. When it comes to complicated maps… • Latitude and Longitude • Map Legend • Scales • PLS (Public Land Survey System) • GPS (Global Positioning System • UTM (Universal Transverse Mercator System) GEOS - the pearson custom library for geography & geology

  13. Complicated maps cont’ • Ithaca’s Location: 42°26’36”N, 76°30’0”W • Latitude: 0 degree at equator; 90 N & S at poles • Longitude: east or west of Prime Meridian (which runs through Greenwich, England) • Quadrangle: section of Earth’s surface bounded by latitude and longitude GEOS - the pearson custom library for geography & geology

  14. Complicated maps cont’ • Scales: • 1: 24,000: Ratio Scale • 1/24,000: Fractional Scale • One inch on the map equals one mile on the ground: Verbal Scale • Bar Scale: GEOS - the pearson custom library for geography & geology

  15. Complicated maps cont’ • PLS: (United States) Public Land Survey System • Principal Meridians: N – S lines • Base Lines: E – W lines • Township (T1N, T2N) and Range (R1W, R2W) • Township (6 * 6 miles)  36 Section • Section  NW ¼, NE ¼, SW ¼, SE ¼. And can be further divided • Go from SMALLEST to BIGGEST when write this up GEOS - the pearson custom library for geography & geology

  16. W What is located in the SW1/4, SW1/4, sec. 14, T2S, R3W?

  17. Complicated maps cont’ • GPS: Use Satellites to define position on the Earth relative to the World Geodetic System – based on UTM • UTM (Universal Transverse Mercator System): 60 N – S zones. (the surface of Earth between 80°S and 84°N latitude) • Specify a position: Easting coordinates, distance from W to E, in meters Northing coordinates, distance from equator (10,000,000 meters) GEOS - the pearson custom library for geography & geology

  18. Topographic Profile and Vertical Exaggeration • Topographic Profile: cross section • Mark the section line with elevation information • Write down marks on a sheet of paper; two ends; streams • Calculate vertical exaggeration: • (I prefer this one…) GEOS - the pearson custom library for geography & geology

  19. References • www.town.ithaca.ny.us/trans/facts/maps/3%20Topographic%20Map.pdf • http://www.athro.com/geo/topo/image_f_stream.jpeg • http://ozultimate.com/bushwalking/walk/722/125_2582.jpg • http://dogonlanguages.org/photos/057_07_vertical_fracture_in_cliff_Kikara_JH.JPG • http://www.iupui.edu/~geogdept/g108/cont_3.gif

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