Unit 2 – Colonial America

Unit 2 – Colonial America U.S. HISTORY

Vocabulary: Powhatan/John Smith 68John Rolfe 69House of Burgesses 69Guided Reading Questions1. What happened to the first expedition to Roanoke?2. What happened to the second expedition to Roanoke?3. Explain a joint stock company. 4. What were the three reasons Jamestown survived as a colony?5. Explain headright and why was it important?6. What is a burgesses and why was it important to the colonists. chapter 3 – Lesson 1

VocabularyPowhatan – local Native American tribe near the Jamestown colony. Chief of tribe also named PowhatenJohn Smith – Captain and leader of Jamestown colonyJohn Rolfe – Jamestown colonist who married Pocahontas which improved relations with PowhatanHouse of Burgess – burgess was the name of those elected to be the colonies representative. House of Burgess was first legislature in North America elected by the people. chapter 3 – Lesson 1 ANSWERS

1. After a rough winter in 1585 they returned to England.2. When John White returned with supplies from England three years later he found the colony deserted with only one clue – the word CROATOAN on a tree – the colonists were never seen from again. p66.-673. Investors bought shares or ownership of the company. The first was the Virginia Company. They hoped to fund the voyage and supply the colony until they started to make a profit from gold, fish and furs. The first colony was at Jamestown. P68 chapter 3 – Lesson 1 ANSWERS

Guided Reading Answers4. 1.Capt John Smith forced the settlers to work2. They also built ties and got food from the local Native Americans – the Powhatan3. They were able to grow tobacco which was a very valuable crop. P. 68/695. Headright offered 50 acres of land to anyone who paid their way to America. It was important because land ownership was huge to the people back then. chapter 3 – Lesson 1

Guided Reading Answers6. Burgesses were represented who was voted into office by landowning male colonists. They made laws for the colony. The House of Burgesses was the first legislature in North America elected by the people. P69 chapter 3 – Lesson 1

Vocab: Puritan 70; Pilgrim 71-2; Great Migration 72 Mayflower Compact 72; John Winthrop 72-73; Thomas Hooker 73Anne Hutchinson 74; Roger Williams 74Guided Reading Questions1. Explain why some sought freedom of religion in America.2. There were three distinct religious groups – what were they?3. What was the Mayflower Compact and why was it important?4. What did John Winthrop allow in his colony that was another move to representative government?5. What was the Great Migration?6. Who and why was Thomas Hooker important?7. Who was Roger Williams and why was he important? chapter 3 – Lesson 2

Vocabulary:Puritan – Protestants who wanted to reform the Anglican church.Pilgrim – A person who undertakes a religious journey. In this case a group of Separatists who decided to move to AmericaGreat Migration – The movement of 15,000 people from England to the Americas who were escaping religious persecution and economic hard times Mayflower Compact – A group of separatists who sailed on the Mayflower to America – landed in Cape Cod – way north of Virginia. Before landing they signed a compact that set up an organized government where everybody agreed to obey laws passed for the common good. chapter 3 – Lesson 2 Answers

John Winthrop – Governor of Plymouth Colony that settled in Boston areaThomas Hooker – Founded a colony in Connecticut ValleyAnne Hutchinson – She led meetings to discuss and give her views on religious teachings. She was charged with dishonoring the colony and banned.Roger Williams – founded the Rhode Island colony. chapter 3 – Lesson 2

1. England had become a Protestant country in 1534 – while some remained Roman Catholic. This caused disagreement in England – especially from those that remained Catholic. 2. You had three main groups: 1 – Protestants – they wanted to reform the Anglican Church of England 2 – Catholics – they remained Roman Catholic 3 – Separatists – they wanted to set up their own churches and reform the Protestant religion – they were mainly known as Puritans. Some groups fled to the Netherlands. One group of Separatists – known as the Pilgrims decided to move to America. P70 chapter 3 – Lesson 2 Answers

3. The Pilgrims got land grants to settled in Virginia. They sailed on the Mayflower and landed at Cape Cod – far north of Virginia - and outside the laws of the Virginia Company. While still onboard they signed the Mayflower Compact. This document set up organized government since all agreed to follow the laws passed for the general good of the colony. This was key to the development of representative democratic government. P71-724. What did John Winthrop allow in his colony that was another move to representative government?He allowed colonists to vote for governor and representatives. chapter 3 – Lesson 2

5. What was the Great Migration?More people sought to leave the hard times and persecution of England and over 15,000 Puritans journeyed to Massachusetts. More Puritans sought to come to America to put their own religious beliefs into practice. Most showed little tolerance for different beliefs which lead some to start their own colonies. P72 chapter 3 – Lesson 2

6. Who and why was Thomas Hooker important?He was not in agreement with John Winthrop so he led a group west to the Connecticut River in 1636 and three years later formed a colony we now call Connecticut. In 1639 they adopted the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut – which was he first written constitution in America. It described the organization of representative government in detail and reflected a belief in democratic principles. P73-74 chapter 3 – Lesson 2

7. Who was Roger Williams and why was he important?Roger Williams was a minister who believed in two very different ideas – people should not be forced to worship in a certain way and they should not take land from the Native Americans. He led a group to form the town of Providence in Rhode Island. Rhode Island become the first place in America where people of all faiths could worship freely. P74 chapter 3 – Lesson 2

Vocab: Patroon; Peter Stuyvesant -76 ; Sir George Carteret 76 Quakers 77; ethnic group; William Penn 77-78; Pacifists 77Guided Reading Questions:1. How did it form into New York and New Jersey?2. How did Pennsylvania and Delaware form and why was it important?3. What were William Penn’s major accomplishments4. What was the Charter of Privileges? chapter 3 – Lesson 3

Vocab:Patroon – Landowners who received grants of land for bringing 50 settlers with them.Peter Stuyvesant – Dutch governor of New AmsterdamSir George Carteret –Leader of the New Jersey colony and promised colonists large tracts of lands and freedom of religion, as well as trial by jury and representation in the assembly. chapter 3 – Lesson 3

Vocab: Quakers – a Protestant group persecuted in England founded the colony of Pennsylvania. They believed everyone was equal; they should follow their inner light and not someone’s religious teachings and were pacifists (opposed to war or violence) ethnic group – of or relating to national, tribal, religious, language or cultural background.William Penn – Leader and founder of the Pennsylvania colony Pacifists – opposed to wart and fighting. chapter 3 – Lesson 3

1. The Dutch colonized New York and called it New Amsterdam and were very successful. The success of New Amsterdam caught the attention of England who claimed the right to the land based on John Cabot’s explorations. The English sent a fleet to attack New York and the governor - Peter Stuyvesant – surrendered without a fight. King of England gave the land to his brother – the Duke of York – who renamed the land New York.The Duke of York decided to divide his colony and gave half to Lord John Berkeley and Sir George Carteret. They renamed it New Jersey. The attracted settlers by offering freedom of religion, trail by jury and representative assembly. chapter 3 – Lesson 3

2. William Penn received a land grant from the King of England as payment for a debt owed by England. He was a wealthy Quaker who saw Pennsylvania as a religious experiment. Quakers believed everyone was equal; they could follow their inner light rather than religious teachings and were pacifists (refuse to use force or fight in wars. Swedish people had already settled south of Pennsylvania and served as a separate colony but still under Penn. Control. 3. He oversaw the building of Philadelphia; He wrote Penn. First constitution; paid Native Americans for the land and negotiated several treaties with them; granted colonists the right to representatives in a legislature. chapter 3 – Lesson 3

4. The Charter of Privileges in 1701 allowed colonists to elect representatives to the legislature. chapter 3 – Lesson 3

Vocab: Lord Baltimore/Sir George Calvert 80Nathaniel Bacon 81; John Locke 82; indigo 83Eliza Lucas 83; James Oglethorpe -83Guided Reading Questions: 1. What were the four major groups to work on farms?2. What was Bacon’s Rebellion and why was it important?3. What was indigo and why was it important?4. Who was John Locke and why was he important?5. Who was James Oglethorpe? chapter 3 – Lesson 4

Vocab:Lord Baltimore/Sir George Calvert – He wanted a safe place for the persecuted Catholics. He was granted land in the Baltimore Maryland area. He died but his son sent two brothers to settle the colony. They welcomed Protestants and Catholics but had to ensure Catholics were free to worship so the Act of Toleration was passed in 1649.Nathaniel Bacon – A young planter who opposed the colonial government of preventing colonists from settling west of the Appalachian mountains. chapter 3 – Lesson 4

Vocab:John Locke – an English philosopher who wrote a constitution that outlined the jobs and powers of a colony’s government. indigo – A plant – often called just indigo was used to make indigo dye – blue dyeEliza Lucas – An English woman who developed the indigo crop James Oglethorpe – He received a charter to start a royal colony in Georgia of all debtors and poor people. His rules led the colonists to demand better land grants, allow more slaves and rum. He gave up and returned to England in 1751. chapter 3 – Lesson 4

1. There were four main groups:1- Prisoners of war – who could work for their freedom through labor – most of the time it was seven years of labor2- Criminals – who also could work off their sentence through 7 years labor3- Indentured Servants – Many agreed to work without pay – usually seven years – if someone paid their passage.4- Enslaved Africans – the first group of slaves was 20 Africans arriving in Virginia in 1619. They had a life sentence of never gaining freedom chapter 3 – Lesson 4

2. What was Bacon’s Rebellion and why was it important? Bacon’s Rebellion – As the population in Virginia increased due to large plantations, they started pushing inland into Native American territory. Governor Berkeley pledged to the Native Americans they stay out of Native Americans’ lands. Nathaniel Bacon was a young planter who opposed the pledge and led a group that settled in the native Americans’ lands. Bacon led attacks on Native American villages. He then took his army and marched on Jamestown and burned it to the ground. Poised to take over the colony through rebellion – he suddenly got sick and died. But this taught the colonial government to not ignore the demands of the people. chapter 3 – Lesson 4

3. What was indigo and why was it important?Two important crops discovered later were rice and indigoIndigo was developed by an English woman – Eliza Lucas which was a blue flowering plant used to dye cloth. Both were perfect for the wet coastal lowlands. Both added to the increase need for labor which directly resulted in the increased slave trade. chapter 3 – Lesson 4

4. Who was John Locke and why was he important?John Locke – an English Philosopher – wrote a constitution – a list of fundamental laws to support government. He stated: “every man has a property in his own person, the labor of his body and the work of his hands are properly his” He believed that all men were created equal and independent and had a natural right to defend life, liberty and his possessions” chapter 3 – Lesson 4

5. Who was James Oglethorpe?Georgia was founded in 1733 was the last British colony set up in America. James Oglethorpe received a charter from King George II to form a colony of debtors and poor people to make a fresh start. British hoped Georgia would block any Spanish attack on the colonies from Florida. Oglethorpe’s colony never grew as planned because of the lack of poor people from Britain; his strict rule – especially on limits of landholding, bans on slave labor and rum. Oglethorpe gave up on returned Georgia to the king in 1751. chapter 3 – Lesson 4

Unit 2 – Colonial America