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Section 1: Describing Matter

Section 1: Describing Matter. What kinds of properties are used to describe matter? What are elements, and how do they relate to compounds? What are the properties of a mixture?. Compare the particles in each example:. Aluminum Foil Table Salt Wood.

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Section 1: Describing Matter

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  1. Section 1: Describing Matter • What kinds of properties are used to describe matter? • What are elements, and how do they relate to compounds? • What are the properties of a mixture?

  2. Compare the particles in each example: • Aluminum Foil Table Salt Wood

  3. The most basic type of matter/can’t be broken down further

  4. 1. Elements • The building blocks of all matter in the universe • Cannot be broken down into any other substances Elements

  5. 1. Elements (continued) • There are about 100 different types of elements (listed in periodic table) Examples: • O = • N = • H = • C = • Cu = • Al = Oxygen Nitrogen Helium Carbon Copper Aluminum

  6. 1. Elements (continued) • Each type of element has its own properties Cl = Chlorine Cu = Copper Br = Bromine

  7. 1. Elements (continued) • Atoms = basic particles from which all elements are made • Different atom = different element • Aluminum - Chlorine • Sodium - Oxygen

  8. So, if there are only about 100 or so elements (building blocks) how come there are so many different examples of matter (stuff)?

  9. 2. Compounds • When 2 or more elements combine chemically (bonded together) + = Element Element Compound Chlorine Sodium Sodium Chloride (salt)

  10. 2. Compounds (continued) • Atoms of the different elements are in a fixed ratio • Written as chemical formulas (letters and numbers) Examples: • Water = H2O • Carbon dioxide = CO2 • Glucose = C6H12O6

  11. 2. Compounds (continued) • When ratios change, a different compound results • CO = carbon monoxide • CO2 = carbon dioxide

  12. 2. Compounds (continued) • Compounds have different properties than the individual elements that make them up + = Element Element Compound Chlorine (Cl) Silver (Ag) Silver Chloride (AgCl) Shiny, gray metal Yellow/green gas Solid white crystals

  13. Most of the stuff around us is NOTorbut… Compounds Elements Mixtures

  14. 3. Mixtures • Contain of 2 or more elements, compounds, or both in the same place • The components are NOT combined chemically

  15. 3. Mixtures (continued) • Easy to separate (magnets, filtering, evaporating) • Example: saltwater (salt in water, but salt stays salt, water remains water)

  16. 3. Mixtures (continued) • Each substance keeps its own properties (salt = white grains, water = clear liquid) • Do not have to be in a fixed ratio (lots of salt or a little salt, its still saltwater)

  17. 3. Mixtures (continued) • There are 2 Types of Mixtures: 1. Heterogeneous Mixtures - Different parts are visible - Examples: Salad Soil Pencil

  18. 3. Mixtures (continued) 2. Homogeneous Mixtures - Evenly mixed, looks the same throughout - Examples: Saltwater Air Brass

  19. Practice Questions • How are elements and compounds similar? How are they different? • Plants make a sugar compound with the formula C6H12O6. What elements make up this compound? • Look at the following chemical formulas: H2O2 and H2O. Do these formulas represent the same compound? Explain. 4. How does a heterogeneous mixture differ from a homogenous mixture? • Why is it correct to say that saltwater is a mixture? • Suppose you stir baking soda into water until the water looks clear throughout. How could you prove to someone that the clear material is a solution, not a compound?

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