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Classic Quality Tools for Effective Problem-Solving

Learn about the seven classic quality tools that can help you analyze and solve problems in various processes. These tools include check sheets, Pareto charts, scatter diagrams, histograms, cause-and-effect diagrams, flowcharts, and control charts.

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Classic Quality Tools for Effective Problem-Solving

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  1. The Certified Quality Process Analyst Handbook 1st edition Chapter 9: Basic Quality Tools2nd edition Chapter 3: Quality Tools Presented by Dr. Joan Burtner Certified Quality Engineer Associate Professor of Industrial Engineering and Industrial Management

  2. Seven Classic Problem-Solving Tools of Quality • Check Sheet • Pareto Chart • Scatter Diagram • Histogram • Cause-and-Effect Diagram • Flowchart • Control Chart Dr. Joan Burtner, Associate Professor of Industrial Engineering

  3. Classic Quality Tool 1:Check Sheet • Also known as a tally sheet • Helps gather data on the frequency of occurrence of particular events or defects • Check sheet design often requires prior knowledge of the process Dr. Joan Burtner, Associate Professor of Industrial Engineering

  4. Classic Quality Tool 2:Pareto Chart • Pareto (an 1800s Italian economist) noted that 80 percent of the wealth in Italy was held by 20 percent of the population • Juran (20th century) 80% of the variation in a process is caused by 20% of the variables • 20% - vital few • 80% - trivial many or useful many Dr. Joan Burtner, Associate Professor of Industrial Engineering

  5. Classic Quality Tool 2:Pareto Chart • Causes are frequently documented in a check list which is used to generate a Pareto chart • Managers use Pareto charts to help focus or prioritize process improvement efforts Dr. Joan Burtner, Associate Professor of Industrial Engineering

  6. Classic Quality Tool 3:Scatter Diagram • Also known as an X-Y graph • “Shows whether or not there is a correlation between two variables” • Caution: A statistical correlation does not guarantee a direct cause and effect • Linear/nonlinear • Positive/negative Dr. Joan Burtner, Associate Professor of Industrial Engineering

  7. Classic Quality Tool 4:Histogram • Bar graph that represents the frequency distribution of the data • X-axis shows cell boundaries • Y-axis shows cell frequency • Shape of the bars is only a rough indication of the distribution Dr. Joan Burtner, Associate Professor of Industrial Engineering

  8. Classic Quality Tool 5:Cause-and-Effect Diagram • Other names • Fishbone diagram • Ishikawa diagram • C-E diagram • Used to show the many different causes that may contribute to a problem (effect) • Causes are frequently generated through brainstorming sessions Methods Machine Flat Tire Materials Man Dr. Joan Burtner, Associate Professor of Industrial Engineering

  9. Classic Quality Tool 5:Cause and Effect Diagram • Manufacturing Environment 4M Chart • Man • Machine • Methods • Materials • Service Environment 4P Chart • People • Policies • Procedures • Plant • Other categories sometimes used (6M, etc.) Dr. Joan Burtner, Associate Professor of Industrial Engineering

  10. Classic Quality Tool 6:Flowchart Load • Maps the sequence of steps and decision points in a process • Helps group to have common understanding of the process Wash Dry Paint Cure Distribute Scrap Dr. Joan Burtner, Associate Professor of Industrial Engineering

  11. Classic Quality Tool 7:Control Chart • Purpose • Indicates how a process behaves over time • Shows when a process is being influenced by special causes • Chart consists of UCL, CL, LCL, and data points • Examined for nonrandom patterns See Chapter 14 (2nd edition) or Chapter 20 (1st edition) for detailed discussion of control charts. Dr. Joan Burtner, Associate Professor of Industrial Engineering

  12. Contact Information • Email: Burtner_J@Mercer.edu • US Mail: Mercer University School of Engineering Macon, GA • Phone: (478) 301- 4127 Dr. Joan Burtner, Associate Professor of Industrial Engineering

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