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Form and Function of Vertebrates

Learn about the different types of circulatory systems and respiratory structures in vertebrates, as well as other systems like feeding, digestion, temperature control, excretion, and reproduction.

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Form and Function of Vertebrates

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  1. To insert your company logo on this slide • From the Insert Menu • Select “Picture” • Locate your logo file • Click OK • To resize the logo • Click anywhere inside the logo. The boxes that appear outside the logo are known as “resize handles.” • Use these to resize the object. • If you hold down the shift key before using the resize handles, you will maintain the proportions of the object you wish to resize. Form and Function of Vertebrates Section 20-3 Rm 111 @ THS

  2. Alveoli

  3. Objectives • Describe a single-loop circulatory systemDescribe a Double-loop circulatory system • Compare two techniques of body temperature control in vertebrates

  4. Support and Movement • Reptiles: horizontal limbs • Mammals: vertical limbs

  5. Feeding and Digestion • Carnivores: shorter digestive tract • Herbivores: longer digestive tract Why? Plant material takes longer to digest!

  6. Respiration • Gills: fish, larval amphibian • Lungs: adult amphibian • Air sacs: birds • Lung: mammals • Bronchi • Alveoli What are some structures used for respiration in vertebrates?

  7. Most efficient in Birds

  8. People at Disneyland

  9. birds - air sacs

  10. Air Sac

  11. frog gulping air?

  12. Internal Transport: Single-loop • Fish • two sets of capillaries • pressure loss after gills • two-chambered heart • atrium • ventricle • less efficient

  13. Internal Transport: Double-loop • amphibians: three-chambered heart • mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood • mammals: four-chambered heart • two atria, two ventricles • no mixing • blood to lungs: pulmonary circulation • blood to body: systemic circulation

  14. Temperature Control • Fishes, amphibians, reptiles • Environment used to control temperature • Ectotherms • Water: a constant temperature environment

  15. fish in water

  16. reptile sunning

  17. Temperature Control • Mammals • Generate body heat through chemical reactions in body tissues • Endotherms

  18. Excretion • Diffusion of ammonia • Through gills: fish • Through skin: amphibians • Kidney • Urea: mammals • less toxic • Uric Acid: birds, reptiles • less soluble

  19. Response • Cephalization • Brain • Spinal cord • protected: vertebrae • Cerebrum • an increased size from fish to amphibians to mammals

  20. Reproduction • Almost always sexual • External fertilization in some, e.g • Codfish,frogs • Internal fertilization in • Mammals, birds, reptiles, certain amphibians • Trend toward internal fertilization

  21. ReproductionThree Strategies • Oviparous: (Fish) Eggs laid outside and fertilized – lots of eggs/offspring needed • Viviparous: (Mammal) – Few eggs Internal fertilization in • Ovoviviparous: (Shark) Trend toward internal fertilization

  22. 1 D 2 H 3 F 4 E 5 B 6 C 7 I 8 C 9 D 10 E 11 G 12 A 13 F 14 REPTILE 15 VERTICAL 16 SHORTER, LONGER Xerox 20-3

  23. 17 ventricle 18 atria ventricals 19 endothremic 20 b e f 21 urea 22 mammals, birds 23 sexually 24 4,1,2,3 mamal, fish, reptile, bird 25 Water does not vary greatly in its temperature.

  24. frog gulping air? http://www.folkways.si.edu/images/frog-18.jpg birds air sacs motion http://www.csuchico.edu/~pmaslin/fbiol/pics/BrdBrth.GIF People at disney land http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=students.washington.edu/pphan001/travel/disney/waiting.jpg&imgrefurl=http://students.washington.edu/pphan001/travel/disney/&h=373&w=546&prev=/images%3Fq%3Ddisney%2Bland%2Blines%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26oe%3DUTF-8 Alveoli http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=info.med.yale.edu/intmed/cardio/imaging/anatomy/bronchioles/graphics/bronchiole_diagram.gif&imgrefurl=http://info.med.yale.edu/intmed/cardAlveoli http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=info.med.yale.edu/intmed/cardio/imaging/anatomy/bronchioles/graphics/bronchiole_diagram.gif&imgrefurl=http://info.med.yale.edu/intmed/cardio/imaging/anatomy/bronchioles/&h=400&w=760&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dalveoli%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26oe%3DUTF-8 reptile sunning http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.artofwildlife.com/nilesunsoaker.JPG&imgrefurl=http://www.artofwildlife.com/reptiles.html&h=141&w=200&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dreptiles%2Bin%2Bthe%2Bsun%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26oe%3DUTF-8 io/imaging/anatomy/bronchioles/&h=400&w=760&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dalveoli%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26oe%3DUTF-8 reptile sunning http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.artofwildlife.com/nilesunsoaker.JPG&imgrefurl=http://www.artofwildlife.com/reptiles.html&h=141&w=200&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dreptiles%2Bin%2Bthe%2Bsun%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26oe%3DUTF-8 fish in water http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.solcomhouse.com/Antarc8.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.solcomhouse.com/Antarctica.htm&h=150&w=226&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dfish%2Bin%2Bice%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26oe%3DUTF-8 References - Credits

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