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The Earth’s Layers

The Earth’s Layers. Students will … illustrate the structural layers of Earth, including the inner core, outer core, mantle, crust, asthenosphere, and lithosphere. [6.10A]. Earth’s Layers. Each layer of the Earth has its own unique properties.

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The Earth’s Layers

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  1. The Earth’s Layers

  2. Students will … illustrate the structural layers of Earth, including the inner core, outer core, mantle, crust, asthenosphere, and lithosphere. [6.10A]

  3. Earth’s Layers • Each layer of the Earth has its own unique properties. • There are three distinct layers – the crust, mantle, and core – which can then be subdivided into more layers. • Each layer is made up of specific elements.

  4. Simple Layers • Crust • Mantle • Core

  5. Into the Earth…

  6. The Crust • Outermostlayer • Thinnest layer and much coolerthan others • 2 types of crust • Oceanic(very dense, made of basalt) • Continental(less dense, made of granite)

  7. Oceanic and Continental Crust Thinnestbeneath ocean and thickest beneath mountainranges

  8. The Mantle • Layer beneath crust • Middle layer • Very thick layer • Made up of more iron and magnesium so is very dense • Convection currents occur in the mantle

  9. Mantle Is Divided into … • Consists of the crust and the upper part of the mantle • Solid and rocky • Broken into large pieces called tectonic plates • Earthquakes can occur in the lithosphere • Made up of elements Oxygen and Silicon • Beneath the lithosphere • Partially molten • The rock is pliable or plastic-like • Rock here bends, stretches, and flows • The tectonic plates float on this layer Lithosphere Asthenosphere

  10. Tectonic Plates • Earth’s crust is broken into about a dozen major plates and several minor plates • These plates constantly move on top of the Asthenosphere

  11. The Core • Made up of the elements iron and nickel • 1/3 of the Earth’s mass • The core is larger than Mars! • The core is very hot and dense

  12. The Core is Divided Into… • The outer core is a liquid • The material of the outer core is considered molten as it is extremely hot • Less dense than the inner core • Made up of Iron and Nickel • The inner core is the most dense • It is solid even though the temperature is very hot due to the extreme pressure • The inner core is composed mostly of Iron Outer Core Inner Core

  13. Earth’s Layers • How are the Earth’s layers similar to an egg? • Shell=crust • Egg white=mantle • Yolk=core

  14. Physical Structure of the EarthLayers Reviewed • Crust and Lithosphere- rigid outer layer • Mantle and Asthenosphere- solid rock that flows slowly (like hot asphalt) • Outer Core- liquid layer • Inner Core- solid, very dense

  15. References • http://geomaps.wr.usgs.gov/parks/pltec/#crust • http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/dynamic.html

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