Business processes ja business process management systems -BPM Enn Õunapuu enn@cc.ttu.ee

1. Business processes ja business process management systems -BPMEnn Õunapuuenn@cc.ttu.ee

2. Sisu • Niklas Luhmann • Business process modeling • E-arve • Teenustele orienteeritud arhitektuurid • Küsimused

3. Niklas Luhmann • Niklas Luhmann (December 8, 1927 - November 6, 1998) was a Germansociologist, administration expert, and social systems theorist, as well as one of the most prominent modern day thinkers in the sociological systems theory.

4. Communication • The core element of Luhmann's theory is communication. Social systems are systems of communication, and society is the most encompassing social system. Being the social system that comprises all (and only) communication, today's society is a world society. A system is defined by a boundary between itself and its environment, dividing it from an infinitely complex, or (colloquially) chaotic, exterior. The interior of the system is thus a zone of reduced complexity: Communication within a system operates by selecting only a limited amount of all information available outside. This process is also called "reduction of complexity." The criterion according to which information is selected and processed is meaning (in German, Sinn).

5. Autopoiesis • Each system has a distinctive identity that is constantly reproduced in its communication and depends on what is considered meaningful and what is not. If a system fails to maintain that identity, it ceases to exist as a system and dissolves back into the environment it emerged from. Luhmann called this process of reproduction from elements previously filtered from an over-complex environment autopoiesis (pronounced "auto-poy-E-sis"; literally: self-creation), using a term coined in cognitive biology by Chilean thinkers Humberto Maturana and Francisco Varela. Social systems are autopoietically closed in that they use and rely on resources from their environment; yet those resources do not become part of the systems' operation. Both thought and digestion are important preconditions for communication, but neither appears in communication as such.

6. Äriprotsesside modeleerimine • Mõisted • Üldine lähenemisviis • Äriprotsesside modeleerimine • Äriprotsesside mõõtmine • Tasakaalustatud tulemuskaart • Teenustele orienteeritud arhitektuur

7. Äriprotsessi määrang • The word “process” is defined in the dictionary as “a series of actions, changes, or functions bringing about a result”. • Martyn Ould: A process is a coherent set of activities carried out by a collaborating group to achieve a goal.

9. Miks modelleerida 1) Describing a process: we model a process to be able to describe it. We could have different target audiences for these descriptions, for instance, humans, in which case understandability is important, or machines, in which case formality is important. 2) Analyzing a process: simply put, process analysis consists of assessing the properties of a process. Process re-engineering and improvement relies on an analysis of existing processes to identify redundant or sub-optimal steps. If the process is described formally, we can verify mechanically structural properties such as coupling and cohesion or dynamic properties such as the absence of deadlock, liveness properties, etc. 3) Enacting a process: we may enact a process for simulation purposes or to provide some level of support for process execution. Depending on the language, this support can take different forms : reacting to events triggered by the execution of the process, to checking that specific constraints are satisfied, driving the execution of the process. Only formal languages1 make process enactment possible.

11. Modeleerimise keeled 1) Traditional process modeling languages: these languages mostly come from the MIS tradition of information engineering and from work on business process engineering. IDEF, Petri Nets, Event Process Chains (EPC), Role Activity Diagrams [Ould, 1995], Resource-Event-Agent (REA) [], and the recently minted Business Process Modeling Language [BPMI,2003]. 2) Workflow modeling languages: roughly speaking, a workflow management system is a computer system that manages a business process by assigning activities of the process to the right resources, by “moving” work items (e.g., documents, orders, etc.) from one processing step to the next, and by tracking the progress of the process [WfMC,2002]. These languages are, for the most part, formal and executable. We will talk about the Workflow Process Description Language (WPDL) [WfMC,1999] and proposed interchange formats such as PIF [Lee et al., 1996] and PSL [NIST,2002]. 3) Process integration languages: the advent of inter-enterprise electronic business (B2B) has spurred interest in process modeling languages for the purposes of integrating the processes of two or more business partners. Biztalk

20. UML tegevusdiagrammid • Chap9.pdf • IBM Business modeler • Biztalk server

21. Äriprotsesside küpsusmudel • Level 1: Initial — wherein business processes are performed in inconsistent sometimes ad hoc ways with results that are difficult to predict. • Level 2: Managed — wherein management stabilizes the work within local work units to ensure that it can be performed in a repeatable way that satisfies the workgroup’s primary commitments. However, work units performing similar tasks may use different procedures. • Level 3: Standardized — wherein common, standard processes are synthesized from best practices identified in the work groups and tailoring guidelines are provided for supporting different business needs. Standard processes provide an economy of scale and a foundation for learning from common measures and experience. • Level 4: Predictable — wherein the capabilities enabled by standard processes are exploited and provided back into the work units. Process performance is managed statistically throughout the workflow to understand and control variation so that process outcomes can be predicted from intermediate states. • Level 5: Innovating — wherein both proactive and opportunistic improvement actions seek innovations that can close gaps between the organization’s current capability and the capability required to achieve its business objectives.

23. E-arve • Hea näide kuidas arendada äripotsesse • XML www.w3schools.com

24. Bizagi http://www.bizagi.com/eng/ http://www.bizagi.com/eng/tours/modeler/ http://www.wfmc.org/standards/xpdl.htm

25. Workflow Demo http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/cc163281.aspx http://enn.ld.ttu.ee/dotnetquard/ Vacation request

26. Küsimused??