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Chapter 6

Chapter 6. Ancient Greece. Peninsula Colony Attica Peloponnesus. Crete Rhodes Phoenicia. Lesson 1 Vocabulary - Geography. 1. “Aegean World”. Aegean – sea north of the Mediterranean Sea Site of Ancient Greece Lots of peninsulas…islands too Major peninsulas – Attica & Peloponnesus

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Chapter 6

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  1. Chapter 6 Ancient Greece

  2. Peninsula Colony Attica Peloponnesus Crete Rhodes Phoenicia Lesson 1 Vocabulary -Geography

  3. 1. “Aegean World” • Aegean – sea north of the Mediterranean Sea • Site of Ancient Greece • Lots of peninsulas…islands too • Major peninsulas – Attica & Peloponnesus • Major islands- Crete & Rhodes

  4. 2. Rugged Lands • Mountains • Mt. Olympus – highest peak • Little fertile land • Lots of narrow valleys: small streams only • Crops: olives, grapes • Goats: raised for wool, cheese, milk

  5. hecsee vilose nihkcec kiml pegars derab niew sigf hisf tifur yenho Most Greeks ate fairly simple foods, which were cooked in olive oil over charcoal on an open fire in the kitchen. Can you unscramble these foods and drinks of the Ancient Greeks?

  6. 3. The Role of the Sea • Depended on sea for food and sea travel • Sea travel: • Linked Greeks to other lands • Contact with other civilizations • Became accomplished sailors

  7. 3. The Role of the Sea cont’d • TRIREMES– • Major sailing vessels • 150 ft long, used 50 oars • 3 groups of oarsmen- captured POWs. • Had 30 supervisors • Used by merchants, fishers • Traded with Nile delta people • fast

  8. 4. Mediterranean Colonies • People from Phoenicia • Great sailors • Not part of Greece • Colonies: settlement of new lands - Greeks compete w/ Phoenicians for colonies

  9. 5. Exchange of Ideas • Phoenicians had 22 symbols • Greeks borrowed many of the symbols • Alphabet- last page in pkt • Revised b/c cuneiforms were too long and took up too much space

  10. The Greek Alphabet • The alphabet we use today was derived from the Ancient Greek alphabet. The word “alphabet” itself comes from the first two letters of the Greek alphabet – “alpha” and “beta.” • It came from the Phoenicians who were located East of Greece and NW of Egypt on Asia .

  11. Let’s Try! • Volunteers to say the alphabet

  12. DO NOW • In your Ancient Greece packet • Sparta Athens page 40

  13. Lesson 2 Greek City States Sparta and Athens Read about these city-states in your pkt http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uLyW5UYPYYs

  14. Lesson 2 Vocabulary • polis Parthenon • Sparta Athena • Athens Acropolis • helot agora

  15. 1. The POLIS • Polis: Greek name for a city-state • The city and the land around it • People obey laws of the leaders • Mostly on the coast of Greece • Sparta & Athens the most powerful

  16. SPARTA=War andValor- bravery and courage http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QkWS9PiXekE

  17. 2. Sparta • On southern Peloponnesus • Military/warlike • Developed a strong army- made them more self-disciplined • Conquered foreign lands • Conquered people were called HELOTS • HELOTS farmed the land • HELOTS revolted

  18. 3. Life in Sparta • Controlled by MILITARY GOV’T • Children were judged at birth • If they were strong….LIVED! • Noted for their bravery • Boys – military training-what age? • Girls- sports, wrestling, trained to defend and run their estates • Women– couldn’t vote-but offered their opinions on public matters.

  19. Sparta’s Food Preference • As part of their harsh way of life, the Spartans took pride in how little care they gave to preparing food and how little pleasure they took in eating it. • “Hunger is the best seasoning for food,” they proclaimed. • After finishing a meal, a visitor to a Spartan military dining hall said, “Now I understand why the Spartans do not fear death.”

  20. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rcp-P9T5CcU

  21. 4. Athens • By the sea • Center of trade • Skilled sailors • Freedom was cherished • People were encouraged to gain knowledge

  22. The Acropolis Parthenon Acropolis

  23. 5. Life in Athens All began in Athens: Democracy, Theater, Myths, Philosophy, Olympics • Agoras = central market places • Agoras had • Temples • Activities • Students • Merchants from all over the world

  24. 6. The Acropolis- con’t • Acropolis – ACRO – highPOLIS – city • Religious, gov’t and defense purposes • Largest building is the Parthenon – a temple dedicated to ATHENA- used once as a church, mosque and then storage for ammunition which explode in 1687. • ATHENA – Greek goddess of wisdom, protector of Athens

  25. DO NOW: • Open to page 40 in your packet. • If you haven’t completed it, do so. • If you have, please decide which polis you would prefer to live in. • Be ready to support your reason as to why?

  26. The Persian Wars As well as the ancient Greek city-states, other civilizations were located around the Mediterranean Sea, one of which was ancient Egypt. One of the most powerful and well organized of these civilizations was the Persian Empire.  The Persian Empire was huge. It started in Turkey and  stretched all the way to the ancient Indus River Valley. The Greeks still had outposts in Turkey. The Greeks sent supplies to help some of these city-states in their struggle to remain independent. The Persians did not appreciate that. 

  27. The Persians sent warriors to the Greek peninsula to squash the Greeks. They attempted three times to conquer the Greeks at the famous battles of Marathon, Thermopylae, and Salamis. Each time, the Greeks drove them away.  Xerxes, the Persian King, could not believe that the tiny Greeks had defeated his capable warriors. After the second loss, Xerxes got made. Conquering the Greeks was no longer his goal. He wanted them wiped out entirely. To do so, he sent a huge number of Persian ships to the Greek peninsula. He was so sure he was going to win this third battle that he had his servants bring his chair along to the war. Xerxes and some of his friends sat in comfort at the top of a cliff overlooking the Greek harbor, so they could watch the Greeks die. 

  28. Instead, Xerxes watched his own men die. The Greeks had small ships. They moved quickly. They tossed burning wood aboard the huge,  cumbersome Persian ships. The Persian ships quickly caught fire. The Persians had to abandon ship. Those Persians who made it to shore were met by the terrifying Spartan army. It was a slaughter. Xerxes escaped, but most of the Persians warriors were killed. 

  29. Persian War 1 – Persia at Thermopylae

  30. Persians Return at Marathon- Slaughter many Spartans

  31. Persian Return again-Athens prepared- Salamis

  32. 7. The Persian Wars-Western Asia now Turkey, Syria • A foreign empire- NOT GREEK- tried to conquer Sparta • Athens helps fight off the invaders • These stories were kept by HERODOTUS. He was a historian. • http://greece.mrdonn.org/persianwars.html

  33. 7. The Persian War – cont’d • Plains to Marathon: 26.2 miles from Athens • Spartans prepare again for the battle against the Persians • Spartans defeated • Athenians seek revenge in Salamis on Persians..WIN!

  34. 8. The Glory of Athens • After the Persian War, Athens emerged as the leader of Greece • Ideas of government and culture began to grow

  35. Lesson 3 The Birth of Democracy

  36. Monarchy Tyranny Oligarchy Dem cracy Assembly Pericles Women’s rights Lesson 3 Vocabulary

  37. 1. Building a Just Government • MONARCHY– ruled by one, king or queen • TYRANNY – ruled by force • OLIGARCHY – ruled by the noble [rich] families

  38. Democracy“Deemo Krat tee a” • Democracy: power of the people, citizens make the laws • Athens made the 1st democracy • Assembly: lawmaking body of a democracy • Assembly= 18 members, citizens 18+yrs, males-born from Athenian parents • Assembly met at the Acropolis

  39. DEMOCRACY THEN AND NOW

  40. 3. Age of Pericles • Pericles: leader- 1 of 10 Generals-during the Peloponnesus War • Passed laws to strengthen democracy –how did they vote? raised their hands for all to see EX: males on juries ( poor or rich) paid if on jury, right to a trial • Different from the Code of Hammurabi – (spoons)

  41. What is Pericles saying below: • Line 1:“Our Constitution does not copy the laws of neighboring states. We are a pattern to other cities rather than imitators. • Line 2:Our Constitution favors the many instead of the few. • Line 3:….If we look at laws, we see they give equal justice to all….Poverty does not bar the way, if a man is able to serve the state…. • Line 4: In short, I say that as a city we are the school for all Greece.”

  42. 4. Not “Justice for All!” • Democracy was not for everyone • Women had no vote • Slaves: no role in government

  43. 5. Legacy of Athenian Democracy • LEGACY = passing down of one’s culture and civilizations from generations to generations • Athens left a lasting impression on the United States. How?

  44. Do Now: • Why do you think the years from 479 BCE – 431 BCE were called the GOLDEN YEARS? • 479431 1 2013 • BCE CE

  45. Lesson 4 The Legacy of Ancient Greece

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