Section 4.5 Ancient Kush Page: 107

Section 4.5Ancient Kush Page: 107 By: Dylan Sallee (Leader)Sarah Dill (Writer) Cecilia Prince (Researcher)Katelyn Lewis (Techno)

Definitions • Trade networks-a system of people in different lands who trade goods. • Merchants- traders • Exports-items sent out to other regions • Imports- items brought in from other regions

South of Egypt a group of Africans settled in a land called Nubia. This Kingdom was also known as Kush. Ancient Nubia was rich in minerals such as Gold, Copper, and Stone. Rain flooded the Nile river every year. Depended on Agriculture. Around 2000 BC One leader began to take over other villages and made him self the Leader. This Region was known as Kush. Nubia

Kush and Egypt were neighbors. Sometimes they lived in Peace and helped each other posper. Kush was a major supplier of Raw materials and slaves. Relationships between the two were not always peaceful. Kush grew stronger. Which lead to Egypt fearing Kush. Egypt began to protect themselves from attacks. Kush and Egypt

The Paroah attacked Nubia which further ended up with Kush becoming part of Egypt. After the victory the Paroah destroyed Kerma. Kush and Egypt continued

During the mid 1000s BC the new kingdom in Egypt was ending. As power of Egypt’s Pharaoh declined the Kushite leaders gained power over Kush again. Kush became independent once again. We know nearly nothing about Kush from the time the gained independence to 200 years later. Kush was not described in any historical records A Change in Power

By around 850 B.C. Kush had regained its power. It became as strong as it was before Egypt took power Because Egypt destroyed Kerma the kings ruled Napata. Napata was on the Nile River about 100 miles southeast of Kerma. As Kush grew Egypt weakened. A series of inept pharaohs left Egypt to open attack. In the 700s BC the Kushite king, Kashta, seized on Egypts weakness and attacked it After the Death of Kashta, his son, continued to attack Egypt. *** The armies attacked Many cities, Even Egypt’s capital city*** Piankhi fought the Egyptians because he believed the Gods wanted him to rule. By the time he died he accomplished this. His kingdom continued from Napata to the Nile Delta The Conquest of Egypt

After Piankhi died his brother Shabaka took control of the control Shabaka and later rulers of his Dynasty thought they were great heirs of the great Pharaohs of Egypt’s Pass The Kushite rulers Built new temples to Egyptian Gods and restore old ones. Kushite dynast stayed strong in Egypt for about 40 years. In the 670s BC Assyrian armies from Mesopotamia invaded Egypt In only ten years the Assyrians had driven Kushites completely out of Egypt The Kushite Dynasty and the End of Kushite Rule in Egypt

The economic center of Kush during this time was in Meroe, the kingdom’s new capital. Large Deposits of Gold could be found nearby, as could forest of Ebony and other woods In this location Kushites developed Africa’s first iron industry In the time Meroe also became the center of a large Trade Network (Definition). Egyptians and Greek merchants carried goods to ports on the Mediterranean sea and the Red Seas and to Sothern Africa Kush’s exports included gold, pottery, iron tools, slaves, and ivory. In return Kushites received imports such as Jewelry and other luxury items from Egypt, Asia and other lands along the Mediterranean Sea Later Kush (Kush’s Iron Industry, and Expansion of Trade)

As Kushite trade grew, Merchants came into contact with many other cultures. The Kushite’s most obvious influence was Egypt Many elements of Kushite culture were NOT borrowed In addition to Egypt’s Gods, Kushite people worshipped there own Gods Kushite women were expected to be active in there socities. Some Kushite women rose to authority. Some served as co-rulers with there husbands or sons. A few women ruled the empire alone. Later Kush continued. (Kushite Culture)

Kush gradually declined in Power. A problem in the kingdom weakened it’s economy. In addition, iron makers used up the forest near Meroe. As wood became scarce furnaces shutdown. Kush produced fewer weapons and trade goods. Kush was also weakened by a loss in trade. By the AD 300s Kush had lost much of its wealth and military might. In about AD 350 the Akusimite army of King Ezana destroyed Meroe and took over Kush. In the late 300s Kush became Christian. About two hundred years later Nubians also converted. The Decline of Kush

Do you remember what a Barter is? A barter was a trader. Most of Kush’s history had to revolve around barratry with other countries.

Sources • World History Book • http://youtu.be/qgkYEpxAN6I • http://animoto.com/play/tQuXAUl0pYX9r7qznLn8bw

Section 4.5 Ancient Kush Page: 107