Demystifying Digital: Intro to CSCI 0020 with Don Stanford

2. Fall 2017 Adjunct Prof. Don Stanford dls@cs.brown.edu don.stanford@gmail.com Intro to CSCI 0020 aka CS2The Digital Worldaka“Demystifying Digital”

3. Who am I? Brown class of 1972, International Relations ScM, Computer Science, Brown ’77 Chief Technology Officer of GTECH Corp 1979-2002 (retired) Adjunct Prof. in CS and Engineering since 2002 R.I. Innovation Factory Board / Spectra Systems Self employed Technology Consultant and Advisor Currently consulting with GTECH/IGT as Chief Innovation Officer Advise Brown student entrepreneurs Commute between R.I. and St. Thomas V.I. much of the year

4. Don’s Office Hours Since I have a Day job I don’t spend a lot of time on campus sitting around in my office in the CIT. But, I am happy to meet any student by appointment Also: I am available before and after every class to answer questions or discuss anything important

5. CS2 Teaching Assistants Fall 2017 Head Tas: Ellen Fu Linda Park UTAs: Joanna Simwinga Albert Dong Amy Huang Chanel Johnson Daniel Glauber HeyangWei Uyen-Phuong Nguyen Kara Perusse

6. Embrace your TAs! • Remember, The TAs are your friends and are committed to helping you with the course material and objectives. They are also full time students so please take that into consideration when you interact with them.

7. Course Material Text: No Text!…Reading is assigned on the website (resources tab) or passed out in the labs Lecture Notes: available on the CS2 webpage after each lecture CS2 Homepage: http://www.cs.brown.edu/courses/csci0020 The CS2 website is a critical resource. When in doubt, go there first!

8. The CS2 Website Contains latest info on everything to do with the course (MOTD, Labs, Project Assignments, Syllabus, Staff info, etc) All assignments and tutorials are posted there All assignments are submitted using a hand-in utility on the Canvas site which is linked to the CS2 site All grades are posted and can be checked on the Canvas site

9. Lectures I will present most of the lectures but on a rare occasion we may have a Guest lecturer if I travel out of town. Lectures will be posted to the website after they are presented for your review Both the midterm and the final will have extra point trivia questions (6 points!) that can only be answered if you attended the lectures

10. Additional Reading Material • We will occasionally post suggested reading recommendations on the website. They are all available on the Internet • You are “strongly” encouraged to read these items since they directly pertain to the lecture topics and may be included in exams

11. Lab Sections Each student must sign up for a lab section - a once a week meeting of about 20 students plus a TA or 2. All Labs will be held in CIT room 265 which is a computer lab on the second floor Signups will be announced and you will have an opportunity to signup online Lab assignments are mandatory and will count for 16% of your grade

12. Lab Sections Every student is required to sign up for a lab section Sections are important and should be attended regularly. Don’t expect TAs to tutor you if you haven’t been to Lab If you are having any problems, contact the head TAs or me ASAP!...

13. CS2 “Millionaire” Quiz Shows • Each week (Thursday) we will hold a review quiz show in which a lucky volunteer will have the opportunity to show the rest of the class how smart they are and how much they’ve learned! • And they can win Valuable Prizes! • Study guides, Ben and Jerry’s Ice Cream, Bus trips to Fall River, etc.

14. For $100 Don, the CS2 Instructor attended…… Princeton Harvard (sucks) Brown Slippery Rock

15. Grading Two exams: Midterm (15%) Final (15%) Project Assignments: 60% Lab Section Attendance: 16% Total available points 106! Late Projects will incur a penalty! Please DO NOT show up at the very end of the semester asking for more time to do the projects!

16. Signing up for CS2 Please register in Banner as soon as possible if you are not already registered In addition, you must turn in a signed copy of the CS Department’s Non-Collaboration policy at your first lab section (available on website soon) Tell your friends…and make up your mind soon!....it takes 5 days for the Registrar to add you to Canvas

17. A Walk Through of the Syllabus at www.cs.brown.edu/courses/csci0020/

18. Questions about the course mechanics ???

19. So why learn about this stuff ? Useful for getting a job and providing you with the tools for a wide variety of work. Interesting in its own right. It’s Fun! Guaranteed to become still more im-portant regardless of where you work or what you study in the future

20. The CS 2 Promise You will know how computing and digital devices work to greater level of understanding You will leave this course with valuable new skills that will benefit you at work and study You may be intrigued enough to pursue the subject further You will have some fun along the way and meet some new cool people! You will have a useful digital vocabulary and will be able to hold your own in any geeky conversations at cocktail parties or social events

21. When asked the question? What did you get for your Birthday? You will be able to reply authoritatively: “Well golly, I got a wonderful digital camera with a 16.2 mega-pixel low noise CMOS imager that renders 1920p resolution due to its 9 micron pixel size, complete with a 128 gig flash card and a Thunderbolt port for high speed data transfers!”

22. Competence in Information Technology is worth big $$$ in the job market! For those of you who are aspiring capitalists:

23. Paul Allen Bill Gates

24. How did we get from… HERE…. To HERE …??????

25. The Computing Revolution Distant Pre-history (prior to 1945) Birth of Digital Computers around WWII Repeated revolutions since then with computing technology becoming pervasive in almost all areas technology, industry, entertainment and science

26. What is it and what does it mean to us? The Internet of Things akaPervasive Computing

27. Trends towards Pervasive Computing size one computer, many people one computer, one person one person, many computers smart dust number

28. The Machine Hardware: the physical components of the computer - central processing unit, memory, input-output devices Operating system: the program that serves as a buffer between the user and the hardware Software: the applications one uses or writes to get stuff done

29. Moore’s “Law”(click here) The number of transistors that can be manufactured into a square inch of integrated circuit doubles every 18 months or so. This means: The amount of memory that can be supplied for a given cost doubles every 18 months or so and, the speed of computation goes up by a factor of 2 about every 1.5 years for the same cost! Gordon Moore, co-founder Intel Corp 1965

30. Implications of Moore’s Law The Apple iPhone would have needed more space than this room 30 years ago! The equivalent amount of memory and computing power in your average PC would have cost >$10M 25 years ago! If Moore’s law continues to hold, in a few years a computing device will fit on a chip small enough to be injected into your blood stream and perform a diagnostic on your heart and send the results back using a wireless network.

31. Moore’s law in action

32. The Software Revolution Relatively few people actually “program” computers. Most use software (programs) developed by others, intended to be used by people with limited understanding of how computers work, hence a huge market in commecial computer appications E.g., spreadsheets, databases, powerPoint, word processing, web design, games, mathlab, computer aided design, graphics, imaging, simulation

33. The Communications Revolution The Internet (email, world wide web, file transfers, mobile computing, etc) The convergence of Computers, TV, Telephone, Multi-Media, Personal Digital Assistants that now communicate with each other in increasing numbers using a wide variety of media (images, video, sound, text, etc.)

34. The Emergence A New “Law” “Bandwidth” (the amount of information one can pump though a connection) doubles every nine months or so. Interestingly, it seems that the amount of information we want to send doubles at the same rate, due in large part to the growth commercialization and popularity of the internet.

35. The Future that Was and Wasn’t Past predictions that have failed: robots that clean your house, machines you can have an intelligent conversation… In some cases we have greatly exceeded expectations: computer inter-connection (the web), computer graphics, animation, industrial robots, autonomous vehicles, increased flexibility and ease of use

36. Where Does This Flexibility Come From? All data that the computer will work on, and the instructions it will execute (the software) , are stored in electronic digital memory in binary format. Thus the same physical device, but loaded with different instructions and data, acts quite differently.

37. Bits ( = Binary Digits) Internally, all data in a digital device is memory is stored in electronic devices that are either on or off (binary). Thus all data can be thought of as being expressed in “bits”, where on = 1 and off = 0. (also expressed as true/false) In future lectures we will understand how data can be stored and manipulated in a binary system and incredible speeds

38. The Digital (Re)-EvolutionSome Examples Digital Documents (Email, E-Books) Digital Music (CD, Streaming, Downloading) Digital Imaging (CMOS Imagers) Digital Video (DVD, Streaming) Digital Television (HDTV) Digital Communications (Internet, Wireless) Digital Signatures and Identities!!!

39. In Other Words, Digital representation of information is now the norm Affects practically every aspect of modern life Similar to Medicine, advancements continue to occur at an ever quickening pace

40. What are some of the negative implications of all of this digital goodness? Privacy issues Massive Computer Fraud Identity Theft Intellectual property disputes and lawsuits

41. Summary • Today’s digital and computer systems are far more than computational and text processing tools • They enable a new communication paradigm • This paradigm is enhanced by the rapid expansion of the Internet and the applications that ride on it • It pervades society and everyday life in ways that we rarely appreciate or think about

42. Questions?……